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Phosphoinositide phospholipase C - Revision history
2026-04-27T19:12:05Z
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 04:45, 18 February 2025</td>
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2024-02-19T23:40:22Z
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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>'''Phosphoinositide phospholipase C''' ('''PLC''') is a family of [[enzyme|enzymes]] that are known to cleave [[phospholipid|phospholipids]] just before the phosphate group. It plays a significant role in the [[intracellular signaling|intracellular signal transduction]] pathway.<br />
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==Etymology==<br />
The term "Phosphoinositide phospholipase C" is derived from its function. "Phospho" refers to the presence of a phosphate group, "inositide" refers to the inositol ring structure, and "phospholipase C" refers to the specific type of enzyme that cleaves phospholipids.<br />
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==Function==<br />
PLC is activated by [[G protein-coupled receptor|G protein-coupled receptors]] and [[tyrosine kinase|tyrosine kinase-linked receptors]]. Once activated, it cleaves [[Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate|Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate]] (PIP2) to form [[Inositol trisphosphate|Inositol trisphosphate]] (IP3) and [[Diacylglycerol|Diacylglycerol]] (DAG). IP3 is released into the cytosol where it binds to IP3 receptors, particularly in the [[Endoplasmic reticulum|endoplasmic reticulum]] (ER). This binding to the IP3 receptor stimulates the release of [[calcium ion|calcium ions]] (Ca2+) from the ER. DAG remains in the plasma membrane and acts as a secondary messenger, activating [[Protein kinase C|Protein kinase C]] (PKC).<br />
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==Isoforms==<br />
There are thirteen known isoforms of PLC that are divided into six subfamilies depending on their structure and function. These include PLC-β, PLC-γ, PLC-δ, PLC-ε, PLC-ζ, and PLC-η.<br />
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==Clinical significance==<br />
Mutations in PLC can lead to various diseases such as [[Usher syndrome|Usher syndrome]], [[Leukemia|Leukemia]], and [[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome|Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]]. <br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[Phospholipase]]<br />
* [[Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate]]<br />
* [[Inositol trisphosphate]]<br />
* [[Diacylglycerol]]<br />
* [[Protein kinase C]]<br />
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[[Category:EC 3.1.4]]<br />
[[Category:Signal transduction]]<br />
[[Category:Cell biology]]<br />
[[Category:Enzymes]]<br />
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