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	'''Phosphoadenylylsulfatase''' (also known as '''PAPS sulfatase''') is an [[enzyme]] that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate (PAP) and sulfate. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the [[sulfate]] activation pathway, which is essential for the biosynthesis of various sulfate esters in the body.

	== ~~Function~~ ==		{{Infobox enzyme
			\| name = Phosphoadenylylsulfatase
			\| image = <!-- Image removed -->
			\| width =
			\| caption =
			\| EC_number = 3.6.2.2
			\| CAS_number = 9025-60-9
			\| IUBMB_EC_number = 3/6/2/2
			}}

	Phosphoadenylylsulfatase is ~~involved in the~~ [[~~metabolism~~]] ~~of sulfate, a process~~ that ~~is critical for~~ the ~~synthesis~~ of ~~various biomolecules, including~~ [[~~proteoglycans~~]], [[~~glycosaminoglycans~~]], and [[~~steroid hormones~~]]~~. The enzyme catalyzes the conversion of PAPS, the universal sulfate donor in biological systems, to PAP and sulfate~~. This reaction is ~~reversible, and~~ the ~~direction of the reaction depends on the relative concentrations~~ of ~~the substrates and products~~.		'''Phosphoadenylylsulfatase''' is an [[enzyme]] that catalyzes the hydrolysis of [[3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate]] (PAPS) to [[adenosine monophosphate]] (AMP) and [[sulfate]]. This reaction is important in the metabolism of sulfur-containing compounds.

	== ~~Structure~~ ==		== Function ==
			Phosphoadenylylsulfatase plays a crucial role in the [[sulfate assimilation pathway]], which is essential for the biosynthesis of [[sulfur-containing compounds]] such as [[cysteine]] and [[methionine]]. The enzyme's activity helps regulate the levels of activated sulfate in the cell, which is necessary for various [[sulfation]] reactions.
	Phosphoadenylylsulfatase is a [[~~protein~~]] ~~that~~ is ~~composed of multiple subunits. The enzyme has a complex three-dimensional structure that allows it to bind to its substrates and catalyze~~ the ~~reaction. The active site~~ of ~~the enzyme contains a~~ [[~~magnesium~~]] ~~ion, which is required for the catalytic activity.~~

	~~== Clinical significance ==~~

	~~Mutations in the gene encoding phosphoadenylylsulfatase can lead to a rare genetic disorder known~~ as [[~~Sulfate transporter disease~~]]. ~~This disease is characterized by a deficiency in~~ the ~~enzyme, leading to an accumulation~~ of ~~PAPS~~ in the ~~body and a decrease in the synthesis of sulfate esters. Symptoms of this disease can include developmental delay~~, ~~seizures, and other neurological problems~~.

	[[~~File:Phosphoadenylylsulfatase.png\|thumb\|right\|300px\|Structure~~ of ~~phosphoadenylylsulfatase~~.]]		== Mechanism ==
			The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of the [[phosphoanhydride bond]] in 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate, resulting in the formation of AMP and free sulfate. This reaction is a key step in the [[sulfur cycle]] and is important for maintaining cellular [[sulfur homeostasis]].

	== ~~See also~~ ==		== Clinical Significance ==
			Deficiencies or malfunctions in phosphoadenylylsulfatase can lead to disruptions in sulfur metabolism, which may contribute to various [[metabolic disorders]]. Understanding the enzyme's function and regulation can provide insights into potential therapeutic targets for these conditions.

	* [[Sulfate]]		== See Also ==
	* [[~~Enzyme~~]]		* [[Sulfate assimilation]]
	* [[~~Metabolism]]~~		* [[Sulfur metabolism]]
	* [[Sulfate transporter disease]]		* [[Enzyme catalysis]]

	== References ==		== References ==
			<references/>

	~~{{reflist}}~~		== External Links ==
			* [Phosphoadenylylsulfatase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)](https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Phosphoadenylylsulfatase)

	[[Category:~~Enzymes~~]]		{{Enzymes}}
	[[Category:~~Metabolism~~]]		{{EC 3.6.2}}
	[[Category:~~Genetic disorders~~]]		[[Category:EC 3.6.2 enzymes]]
	~~{{medicine-stub}}~~		[[Category:Sulfur metabolism]]
			[[Category:Hydrolases]]

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'''Phosphoadenylylsulfatase''' (also known as '''PAPS sulfatase''') is an [[enzyme]] that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate (PAP) and sulfate. This enzyme plays a crucial role in the [[sulfate]] activation pathway, which is essential for the biosynthesis of various sulfate esters in the body.

== Function ==

Phosphoadenylylsulfatase is involved in the [[metabolism]] of sulfate, a process that is critical for the synthesis of various biomolecules, including [[proteoglycans]], [[glycosaminoglycans]], and [[steroid hormones]]. The enzyme catalyzes the conversion of PAPS, the universal sulfate donor in biological systems, to PAP and sulfate. This reaction is reversible, and the direction of the reaction depends on the relative concentrations of the substrates and products.

== Structure ==

Phosphoadenylylsulfatase is a [[protein]] that is composed of multiple subunits. The enzyme has a complex three-dimensional structure that allows it to bind to its substrates and catalyze the reaction. The active site of the enzyme contains a [[magnesium]] ion, which is required for the catalytic activity.

== Clinical significance ==

Mutations in the gene encoding phosphoadenylylsulfatase can lead to a rare genetic disorder known as [[Sulfate transporter disease]]. This disease is characterized by a deficiency in the enzyme, leading to an accumulation of PAPS in the body and a decrease in the synthesis of sulfate esters. Symptoms of this disease can include developmental delay, seizures, and other neurological problems.

[[File:Phosphoadenylylsulfatase.png|thumb|right|300px|Structure of phosphoadenylylsulfatase.]]

== See also ==

* [[Sulfate]]
* [[Enzyme]]
* [[Metabolism]]
* [[Sulfate transporter disease]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

[[Category:Enzymes]]
[[Category:Metabolism]]
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
{{medicine-stub}}

Phosphoadenylylsulfatase - Revision history

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