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			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Persistent fetal circulation
			\| synonyms = [[Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn]] (PPHN)
			\| field = [[Neonatology]]
			\| symptoms = [[Cyanosis]], [[tachypnea]], [[respiratory distress]]
			\| complications = [[Hypoxemia]], [[acidosis]], [[heart failure]]
			\| onset = [[Neonatal period]]
			\| duration = Variable
			\| causes = [[Meconium aspiration syndrome]], [[congenital diaphragmatic hernia]], [[sepsis]], [[birth asphyxia]]
			\| risks = [[Premature birth]], [[maternal diabetes]], [[cesarean section]]
			\| diagnosis = [[Echocardiography]], [[chest X-ray]], [[blood gas analysis]]
			\| differential = [[Congenital heart defect]], [[respiratory distress syndrome]], [[transient tachypnea of the newborn]]
			\| treatment = [[Oxygen therapy]], [[mechanical ventilation]], [[inhaled nitric oxide]], [[extracorporeal membrane oxygenation]] (ECMO)
			\| prognosis = Variable, depends on underlying cause and response to treatment
			\| frequency = 1-2 per 1000 live births
			}}
	'''Persistent fetal circulation''' (PFC), also known as '''[[Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn]]''' (PPHN), is a potentially life-threatening medical condition that affects newborns. This condition occurs when a newborn's circulation system doesn't adapt to breathing outside the womb.		'''Persistent fetal circulation''' (PFC), also known as '''[[Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn]]''' (PPHN), is a potentially life-threatening medical condition that affects newborns. This condition occurs when a newborn's circulation system doesn't adapt to breathing outside the womb.

	==Overview==		==Overview==
	In the womb, babies receive oxygen through the [[placenta]]. However, after birth, the baby's lungs must take over this function. In some cases, the pressure in the lungs remains high after birth, which is abnormal. This high pressure can prevent the baby's body from getting enough oxygen, leading to PFC.		In the womb, babies receive oxygen through the [[placenta]]. However, after birth, the baby's lungs must take over this function. In some cases, the pressure in the lungs remains high after birth, which is abnormal. This high pressure can prevent the baby's body from getting enough oxygen, leading to PFC.

	==Causes==		==Causes==
	The exact cause of PFC is unknown, but it is often associated with certain conditions such as [[Meconium Aspiration Syndrome]] (MAS), [[Diaphragmatic Hernia]], and [[Sepsis]]. Other factors that may contribute to the development of PFC include maternal use of certain medications during pregnancy, such as [[Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs]] (NSAIDs) and [[Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors]] (SSRIs).		The exact cause of PFC is unknown, but it is often associated with certain conditions such as [[Meconium Aspiration Syndrome]] (MAS), [[Diaphragmatic Hernia]], and [[Sepsis]]. Other factors that may contribute to the development of PFC include maternal use of certain medications during pregnancy, such as [[Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs]] (NSAIDs) and [[Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors]] (SSRIs).

	==Symptoms==		==Symptoms==
	Symptoms of PFC usually appear within the first few hours after birth. They may include rapid breathing, increased heart rate, bluish skin color (due to lack of oxygen), and difficulty breathing.		Symptoms of PFC usually appear within the first few hours after birth. They may include rapid breathing, increased heart rate, bluish skin color (due to lack of oxygen), and difficulty breathing.

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==
	Diagnosis of PFC is typically made based on the baby's symptoms and physical examination. Additional tests may include a [[Chest X-ray]], [[Echocardiogram]], and [[Blood Gas Analysis]].		Diagnosis of PFC is typically made based on the baby's symptoms and physical examination. Additional tests may include a [[Chest X-ray]], [[Echocardiogram]], and [[Blood Gas Analysis]].

	==Treatment==		==Treatment==
	Treatment for PFC aims to increase the oxygen levels in the baby's blood. This may involve the use of supplemental oxygen, medication to lower the blood pressure in the lungs, and in severe cases, a procedure known as [[Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation]] (ECMO).		Treatment for PFC aims to increase the oxygen levels in the baby's blood. This may involve the use of supplemental oxygen, medication to lower the blood pressure in the lungs, and in severe cases, a procedure known as [[Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation]] (ECMO).

	==Prognosis==		==Prognosis==
	The prognosis for babies with PFC varies. With early diagnosis and treatment, many babies can recover completely. However, some may experience long-term complications such as [[Pulmonary Hypertension]], [[Hearing Loss]], and [[Developmental Delays]].		The prognosis for babies with PFC varies. With early diagnosis and treatment, many babies can recover completely. However, some may experience long-term complications such as [[Pulmonary Hypertension]], [[Hearing Loss]], and [[Developmental Delays]].

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	* [[Neonatology]]		* [[Neonatology]]
	* [[Pediatric Cardiology]]		* [[Pediatric Cardiology]]
	* [[Pulmonary Hypertension]]		* [[Pulmonary Hypertension]]

	[[Category:Pediatrics]]		[[Category:Pediatrics]]
	[[Category:Neonatology]]		[[Category:Neonatology]]
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'''Persistent fetal circulation''' (PFC), also known as '''[[Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn]]''' (PPHN), is a potentially life-threatening medical condition that affects newborns. This condition occurs when a newborn's circulation system doesn't adapt to breathing outside the womb.

==Overview==
In the womb, babies receive oxygen through the [[placenta]]. However, after birth, the baby's lungs must take over this function. In some cases, the pressure in the lungs remains high after birth, which is abnormal. This high pressure can prevent the baby's body from getting enough oxygen, leading to PFC.

==Causes==
The exact cause of PFC is unknown, but it is often associated with certain conditions such as [[Meconium Aspiration Syndrome]] (MAS), [[Diaphragmatic Hernia]], and [[Sepsis]]. Other factors that may contribute to the development of PFC include maternal use of certain medications during pregnancy, such as [[Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs]] (NSAIDs) and [[Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors]] (SSRIs).

==Symptoms==
Symptoms of PFC usually appear within the first few hours after birth. They may include rapid breathing, increased heart rate, bluish skin color (due to lack of oxygen), and difficulty breathing.

==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis of PFC is typically made based on the baby's symptoms and physical examination. Additional tests may include a [[Chest X-ray]], [[Echocardiogram]], and [[Blood Gas Analysis]].

==Treatment==
Treatment for PFC aims to increase the oxygen levels in the baby's blood. This may involve the use of supplemental oxygen, medication to lower the blood pressure in the lungs, and in severe cases, a procedure known as [[Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation]] (ECMO).

==Prognosis==
The prognosis for babies with PFC varies. With early diagnosis and treatment, many babies can recover completely. However, some may experience long-term complications such as [[Pulmonary Hypertension]], [[Hearing Loss]], and [[Developmental Delays]].

==See Also==
* [[Neonatology]]
* [[Pediatric Cardiology]]
* [[Pulmonary Hypertension]]

[[Category:Pediatrics]]
[[Category:Neonatology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
{{Medicine-stub}}

Persistent fetal circulation - Revision history

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