Peroxide - Revision history

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	~~'''~~Peroxide''' is a compound containing an oxygen-oxygen single bond or the peroxide anion, O<sub>2</sub><sup>2−</sup>. The O-O group in a peroxide is called the peroxide group or peroxo group. In contrast to [[oxide]] ions, the oxygen atoms in the peroxide ion have an oxidation state of −1.		==Peroxide==

	~~The simplest stable peroxide is~~ [[~~hydrogen peroxide]]~~. ~~Superoxides, dioxygenyls, ozones and ozonides are considered separately~~. Peroxide compounds can be roughly divided into organic and inorganic. Whereas the inorganic peroxides have an ionic, salt-like character, the organic peroxides are dominated by the covalent bonds. The oxygen-oxygen chemical bond of peroxide is unstable and easily split into reactive radicals via homolytic cleavage.		[[File:Peroxide_group_v.2.png\|Peroxide group structure\|thumb\|right]]

	~~== Types~~ of ~~Peroxides ==~~		A '''peroxide''' is a chemical compound that contains a [[peroxide group]], which is characterized by an oxygen-oxygen single bond (O-O). The general formula for a peroxide is R-O-O-R, where R can be a hydrogen atom or an organic group. Peroxides are a subclass of [[reactive oxygen species]] and are known for their strong oxidizing properties.

	==~~= Inorganic Peroxides =~~==		==Structure and Bonding==

	~~Inorganic peroxides are compounds with an~~ oxygen-oxygen bond ~~and a metal. The most common peroxides are~~ [[~~sodium peroxide~~]], ~~[[barium peroxide]]~~, ~~and [[hydrogen peroxide]]~~.		The peroxide group consists of a single bond between two oxygen atoms. This bond is relatively weak compared to other oxygen bonds, such as the double bond in [[oxygen gas]] (O₂). The O-O bond length in peroxides is typically around 1.49 Å, which is longer than the O=O bond length in oxygen gas, which is about 1.21 Å.

	==~~= Organic~~ Peroxides ===		==Types of Peroxides==

	~~Organic peroxides are organic compounds containing the peroxide functional group (ROOR’). If the R’ is hydrogen,~~ the ~~compounds are called organic hydroperoxides. The O-O bond easily breaks, and free radicals~~ of the ~~form RO. are formed.~~		Peroxides can be classified into several types based on their structure and the nature of the R groups:

	== ~~Uses of Peroxides~~ ==		===Hydrogen Peroxide===

	~~Peroxides have a variety of applications in the world today. They are used in detergents, bleaching agents, disinfectants, and as polymerization initiators~~. Hydrogen peroxide ~~is commonly used as a mild disinfectant for cuts and scrapes.~~		[[File:H2O2_gas_structure.svg\|Hydrogen peroxide gas structure\|thumb\|left]]

	~~== Safety~~ and ~~Health Effects ==~~		[[Hydrogen peroxide]] (H₂O₂) is the simplest and most well-known peroxide. It is a pale blue liquid in its pure form and is commonly used as a disinfectant and bleaching agent. Hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen, a reaction that is catalyzed by light, heat, and various catalysts.

	Peroxides ~~are harmful to the skin and eyes, and inhalation or ingestion can cause respiratory and digestive problems. They can also be explosive when mixed with organic materials.~~		===Organic Peroxides===

	== ~~See Also~~ ==		Organic peroxides contain the peroxide group bonded to organic moieties. They are often used as initiators in polymerization reactions and as bleaching agents. Due to their instability, organic peroxides are often handled with care to prevent explosive decomposition.

			===Inorganic Peroxides===

			Inorganic peroxides include compounds such as [[sodium peroxide]] (Na₂O₂) and [[barium peroxide]] (BaO₂). These compounds are typically used in industrial applications, such as bleaching and as oxidizing agents.

			==Applications==

			Peroxides have a wide range of applications in various industries:

			* '''Bleaching Agents''': Peroxides are used in the bleaching of paper and textiles.
			* '''Disinfectants''': Hydrogen peroxide is used as a disinfectant in medical and household settings.
			* '''Polymerization Initiators''': Organic peroxides are used to initiate the polymerization of monomers in the production of plastics.
			* '''Rocket Propellants''': Some peroxides are used as oxidizers in rocket propellants.

			==Safety and Handling==

			Peroxides can be hazardous due to their reactive nature. They can decompose explosively under certain conditions, releasing oxygen gas and heat. Proper storage and handling procedures are essential to minimize the risk of accidents.

			==Related Pages==

	* [[Oxide]]
	* [[Hydrogen peroxide]]		* [[Hydrogen peroxide]]
	* [[~~Sodium peroxide~~]]		* [[Reactive oxygen species]]
	* [[~~Barium~~ peroxide]]		* [[Oxidizing agent]]
			* [[Organic peroxide]]

	[[Category:~~Chemical compounds~~]]		[[Category:Peroxides]]
	[[Category:Oxygen compounds]]		[[Category:Oxygen compounds]]
	~~[[Category:Peroxides]]~~

	~~{{stub}}~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Peroxide_group_v.2.png~~
	~~File:H2O2_gas_structure.svg~~
	~~</gallery>~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Peroxide group v.2.png\|Peroxide group~~
	~~File:H2O2 gas structure.svg\|Hydrogen peroxide gas structure~~
	~~</gallery>~~

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			File:Peroxide group v.2.png\|Peroxide group
			File:H2O2 gas structure.svg\|Hydrogen peroxide gas structure
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'''Peroxide''' is a compound containing an oxygen-oxygen single bond or the peroxide anion, O<sub>2</sub><sup>2−</sup>. The O-O group in a peroxide is called the peroxide group or peroxo group. In contrast to [[oxide]] ions, the oxygen atoms in the peroxide ion have an oxidation state of −1.

The simplest stable peroxide is [[hydrogen peroxide]]. Superoxides, dioxygenyls, ozones and ozonides are considered separately. Peroxide compounds can be roughly divided into organic and inorganic. Whereas the inorganic peroxides have an ionic, salt-like character, the organic peroxides are dominated by the covalent bonds. The oxygen-oxygen chemical bond of peroxide is unstable and easily split into reactive radicals via homolytic cleavage.

== Types of Peroxides ==

=== Inorganic Peroxides ===

Inorganic peroxides are compounds with an oxygen-oxygen bond and a metal. The most common peroxides are [[sodium peroxide]], [[barium peroxide]], and [[hydrogen peroxide]].

=== Organic Peroxides ===

Organic peroxides are organic compounds containing the peroxide functional group (ROOR’). If the R’ is hydrogen, the compounds are called organic hydroperoxides. The O-O bond easily breaks, and free radicals of the form RO. are formed.

== Uses of Peroxides ==

Peroxides have a variety of applications in the world today. They are used in detergents, bleaching agents, disinfectants, and as polymerization initiators. Hydrogen peroxide is commonly used as a mild disinfectant for cuts and scrapes.

== Safety and Health Effects ==

Peroxides are harmful to the skin and eyes, and inhalation or ingestion can cause respiratory and digestive problems. They can also be explosive when mixed with organic materials.

== See Also ==

* [[Oxide]]
* [[Hydrogen peroxide]]
* [[Sodium peroxide]]
* [[Barium peroxide]]

[[Category:Chemical compounds]]
[[Category:Oxygen compounds]]
[[Category:Peroxides]]

{{stub}}