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	'''Paul ~~Bert‏‎~~''' (17 October 1833 – 11 November 1886) was a [[~~France\|~~French]] [[~~Physiologist\|~~physiologist]] and [[~~Politician\|~~politician]]. He is best known for his pioneering work in [[~~Aerobiology\|aerobiology~~]] and ~~his studies on~~ the ~~physiological~~ effects ~~of atmospheric pressure, which laid the foundation for the field~~ of [[~~Baromedicine\|baromedicine~~]].		== Paul Bert ==

			[[File:Paul_Bert2.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Paul Bert, a prominent French physiologist and politician.]]

			'''Paul Bert''' (19 October 1833 – 11 November 1886) was a renowned [[French]] [[physiologist]] and [[politician]]. He is best known for his pioneering work in the field of [[physiology]], particularly in the study of [[altitude sickness]] and the effects of [[barometric pressure]] on the human body. Bert's contributions to science and politics have left a lasting impact on both fields.

	== Early Life and Education ==		== Early Life and Education ==
	Bert was born in [[Auxerre]], France. He ~~studied at~~ the [[~~University of Paris~~]], ~~where he earned his doctorate in medicine in 1863~~. ~~His~~ early ~~research focused on~~ the ~~effects~~ of ~~air and water pressure on the~~ human ~~body~~.		Paul Bert was born in [[Auxerre]], [[France]]. He pursued his education in the sciences, studying under the guidance of prominent figures such as [[Claude Bernard]], a leading physiologist of the time. Bert's early interest in the natural sciences led him to explore various aspects of human physiology, which would later define his career.

	== ~~Career~~ ==		== Scientific Contributions ==
	~~In 1869,~~ Bert ~~was appointed Professor~~ of ~~Physiology at~~ the [[~~Sorbonne~~]]. ~~His~~ research ~~during this period focused~~ on ~~the physiological effects of~~ atmospheric pressure~~, a field that would later be known as baromedicine~~. His ~~most significant~~ work, ~~''La Pression barométrique'' (1878), is considered~~ a ~~foundational text in the field~~.		Bert's most significant scientific contributions were in the study of the effects of [[pressure]] on living organisms. He conducted extensive research on how changes in atmospheric pressure affected [[respiration]] and [[circulation]]. His work laid the foundation for understanding [[altitude sickness]], a condition that affects individuals exposed to high altitudes without proper acclimatization.

	Bert ~~also had a successful political career~~. He ~~served as~~ the ~~Minister of Education and Worship under~~ the ~~government~~ of [[~~Jules Grevy\|Jules Grévy~~]] in ~~1881~~. ~~During his tenure, he implemented significant educational reforms~~.		=== Altitude Sickness ===
			Paul Bert's research on altitude sickness was groundbreaking. He demonstrated that the symptoms experienced at high altitudes were due to the reduced availability of [[oxygen]] in the atmosphere. His experiments involved exposing animals to different levels of pressure and observing the physiological changes that occurred. This work was crucial in developing strategies for acclimatization and understanding the body's response to low oxygen environments.

	== ~~Legacy~~ ==		=== Barometric Pressure ===
	Bert~~'s work has had a lasting impact on a range of scientific fields. His research on~~ the effects of pressure on the human body ~~has been~~ instrumental in the development of ~~safe practices for deep-sea diving and high-altitude aviation. The~~ [[~~Paul Bert effect~~]], ~~a term used~~ to ~~describe the toxic effect of oxygen at high pressure, is named in his honor~~.		Bert also studied the effects of barometric pressure on the human body. He discovered that changes in pressure could have significant impacts on [[blood pressure]] and [[respiratory function]]. His findings were instrumental in the development of [[hyperbaric medicine]], which uses controlled pressure environments to treat various medical conditions.

	== ~~See Also~~ ==		== Political Career ==
	* [[~~List of physiologists~~]]		In addition to his scientific achievements, Paul Bert was an active politician. He served as a member of the [[French National Assembly]] and was appointed as the Minister of Education. Bert was a strong advocate for secular education and played a key role in the development of educational policies in France.
	* [[History of ~~physiology]]~~
	* [[History of ~~French politics]]~~

	== ~~References~~ ==		== Legacy ==
	~~<references />~~		Paul Bert's legacy is evident in both the scientific and political arenas. His work in physiology has had a lasting impact on the fields of [[medicine]] and [[biology]], particularly in the understanding of how environmental factors affect human health. As a politician, his efforts in education reform have influenced the structure of the French educational system.

	== ~~External Links~~ ==		== Related Pages ==
	* [~~http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/63196/Paul-Bert Encyclopædia Britannica - Paul Bert~~]		* [[Claude Bernard]]
			* [[Altitude sickness]]
			* [[Hyperbaric medicine]]
			* [[French National Assembly]]

	[[Category:French physiologists]]		[[Category:French physiologists]]
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	[[Category:1833 births]]		[[Category:1833 births]]
	[[Category:1886 deaths]]		[[Category:1886 deaths]]
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	~~{{Medicine-stub}}~~

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'''Paul Bert‏‎''' (17 October 1833 – 11 November 1886) was a [[France|French]] [[Physiologist|physiologist]] and [[Politician|politician]]. He is best known for his pioneering work in [[Aerobiology|aerobiology]] and his studies on the physiological effects of atmospheric pressure, which laid the foundation for the field of [[Baromedicine|baromedicine]].

== Early Life and Education ==
Bert was born in [[Auxerre]], France. He studied at the [[University of Paris]], where he earned his doctorate in medicine in 1863. His early research focused on the effects of air and water pressure on the human body.

== Career ==
In 1869, Bert was appointed Professor of Physiology at the [[Sorbonne]]. His research during this period focused on the physiological effects of atmospheric pressure, a field that would later be known as baromedicine. His most significant work, ''La Pression barométrique'' (1878), is considered a foundational text in the field.

Bert also had a successful political career. He served as the Minister of Education and Worship under the government of [[Jules Grevy|Jules Grévy]] in 1881. During his tenure, he implemented significant educational reforms.

== Legacy ==
Bert's work has had a lasting impact on a range of scientific fields. His research on the effects of pressure on the human body has been instrumental in the development of safe practices for deep-sea diving and high-altitude aviation. The [[Paul Bert effect]], a term used to describe the toxic effect of oxygen at high pressure, is named in his honor.

== See Also ==
* [[List of physiologists]]
* [[History of physiology]]
* [[History of French politics]]

== References ==
<references />

== External Links ==
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/63196/Paul-Bert Encyclopædia Britannica - Paul Bert]

[[Category:French physiologists]]
[[Category:French politicians]]
[[Category:1833 births]]
[[Category:1886 deaths]]
{{France-bio-stub}}
{{Medicine-stub}}

Paul Bert - Revision history

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