Parietal bone - Revision history

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2025-02-21T14:13:42Z

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	{{Short description\|Bone forming part of the skull}}		{{Short description\|Bone forming part of the side and top of the skull}}
	{{~~Anatomy~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2023}}

	The '''parietal bone''' is a paired, flat bone located on ~~the lateral sides~~ of the [[skull]]. It forms a ~~significant portion~~ of the [[~~cranial vault~~]], ~~which encases~~ and ~~protects~~ the [[~~brain~~]].		==Parietal bone==
			The '''parietal bone''' is a paired, flat bone located on each side of the [[human skull]]. It forms a large part of the [[calvaria]], or skullcap, and is situated between the [[frontal bone]] and the [[occipital bone]].

			[[File:Parietal_bone_posterior2.png\|thumb\|right\|Posterior view of the parietal bone]]

	==Anatomy==		==Anatomy==
	The ~~parietal bones are situated between the [[frontal bone]] anteriorly and the [[occipital bone]] posteriorly. They are bordered inferiorly by the [[temporal bone]] and the [[sphenoid bone]]. Each~~ parietal bone is ~~roughly~~ quadrilateral in shape and has ~~two surfaces,~~ four borders, ~~and~~ four angles.		The parietal bone is quadrilateral in shape and has four borders, four angles, and two surfaces. It articulates with five other bones: the [[frontal bone]], [[occipital bone]], [[temporal bone]], and the opposite parietal bone.

	~~===Surfaces===~~
	~~The external surface of the parietal bone is convex and smooth, providing attachment for~~ the [[~~temporalis muscle~~]]~~. The internal surface is concave and contains grooves for the~~ [[~~middle meningeal artery~~]] ~~and~~ [[~~venous sinuses~~]].

	===Borders===		===Borders===
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	* '''Frontal border''': The anterior border, which articulates with the [[frontal bone]] at the [[coronal suture]].		* '''Frontal border''': The anterior border, which articulates with the [[frontal bone]] at the [[coronal suture]].
	* '''Occipital border''': The posterior border, which articulates with the [[occipital bone]] at the [[lambdoid suture]].		* '''Occipital border''': The posterior border, which articulates with the [[occipital bone]] at the [[lambdoid suture]].

			[[File:Sagittal_suture_2.jpg\|thumb\|left\|The sagittal suture between the two parietal bones]]

	===Angles===		===Angles===
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	* '''Sphenoidal angle''': Located at the junction of the coronal and squamous sutures.		* '''Sphenoidal angle''': Located at the junction of the coronal and squamous sutures.
	* '''Occipital angle''': Located at the junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures.		* '''Occipital angle''': Located at the junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures.
	* '''Mastoid angle''': Located at the junction of the lambdoid and ~~squamous sutures~~.		* '''Mastoid angle''': Located at the junction of the squamous and lambdoid sutures.

			===Surfaces===
			* '''External surface''': Convex and smooth, providing attachment for the [[temporalis muscle]].
			* '''Internal surface''': Concave, with grooves for the [[middle meningeal artery]] and [[sagittal sinus]].

			[[File:Gray132.png\|thumb\|right\|Outer surface of the parietal bone]]
			[[File:Gray133.png\|thumb\|left\|Inner surface of the parietal bone]]

	==Development==		==Development==
	The parietal bone develops from two primary ossification centers that appear in the membrane covering the developing brain. These centers appear around the eighth week of fetal development and fuse to form a single bone by birth~~. The bone continues to grow and remodel throughout childhood and adolescence~~.		The parietal bone develops from two primary ossification centers that appear in the membrane covering the developing brain. These centers appear around the eighth week of fetal development and fuse to form a single bone by birth.

	==Function==		==Function==
	The ~~primary function of the~~ parietal bone ~~is to protect~~ the brain by forming ~~part~~ of the ~~cranial vault~~. It also provides attachment points for muscles involved in mastication and head movement.		The parietal bone plays a crucial role in protecting the brain and forming the shape of the head. It also provides attachment points for muscles involved in mastication and head movement.

	==Clinical significance==		==Clinical significance==
	Fractures of the parietal bone can occur due to trauma and may lead to complications such as [[epidural hematoma]] if the ~~middle meningeal artery is damaged~~. ~~Surgical interventions~~ may be ~~necessary in severe cases~~.		Fractures of the parietal bone can occur due to trauma and may lead to complications such as [[epidural hematoma]]. The bone's thinness makes it susceptible to injury, but its position provides some protection.

			[[File:Left_parietal_boen_-_animation.gif\|thumb\|right\|Animation showing the left parietal bone]]

			==Comparative anatomy==
			In other vertebrates, the parietal bone can vary significantly in size and shape. In some species, it may be fused with other bones or have additional functions.

			[[File:Tuatara_skull_diagram.svg\|thumb\|left\|Diagram of a tuatara skull showing the parietal bone]]

	==~~Images~~==		==Gallery==
	[[File:~~Parietal bone lateral view~~.~~png\|thumb~~\|~~right\|Lateral view~~ of the parietal bone ~~(highlighted in green).]]~~		<gallery>
	[[File:~~Parietal bone internal view~~.~~png~~\|~~thumb\|left\|Internal~~ view of the parietal bone showing ~~grooves for~~ the ~~middle meningeal artery.]]~~		File:Parietal_bone_animation2.gif\|Animation of the parietal bone
			File:Parietal_bone.jpg\|Lateral view of the parietal bone
			File:HSCA-JFK-head-7-125.jpg\|X-ray showing the parietal bone
			</gallery>

	==Related pages==		==Related pages==
	* [[Skull]]
	* [[Cranial sutures]]
	* [[Frontal bone]]		* [[Frontal bone]]
	* [[Occipital bone]]		* [[Occipital bone]]
	* [[Temporal bone]]		* [[Temporal bone]]
			* [[Sphenoid bone]]

	[[Category:Skull]]		[[Category:Skull]]
	[[Category:Bones of the head and neck]]		[[Category:Bones of the head and neck]]

Prab: CSV import

2025-02-18T17:44:10Z

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	~~'''Parietal bone'''~~		{{Short description\|Bone forming part of the skull}}
			{{Anatomy}}

	The '''parietal bone''' is a bone ~~in the human skull which, when joined together, form~~ the sides ~~and roof~~ of the ~~cranium~~. ~~Each bone is roughly quadrilateral in form~~, and ~~has two surfaces, four borders, and four angles. It is named from~~ the ~~Latin ''paries'' (-ietis), wall~~.		The '''parietal bone''' is a paired, flat bone located on the lateral sides of the [[skull]]. It forms a significant portion of the [[cranial vault]], which encases and protects the [[brain]].

	==~~Structure~~==		==Anatomy==
	The parietal ~~bone articulates with~~ the [[frontal bone]] ~~via~~ the [[~~coronal suture~~]]. ~~Posteriorly, it articulates with~~ the [[~~occipital~~ bone]] ~~via~~ the [[~~lambdoid suture~~]]. The ~~sagittal suture joins~~ the ~~two~~ parietal ~~bones together. Lastly~~, ~~it articulates with~~ the [[~~temporal bone~~]] ~~via~~ the [[~~squamosal suture~~]].		The parietal bones are situated between the [[frontal bone]] anteriorly and the [[occipital bone]] posteriorly. They are bordered inferiorly by the [[temporal bone]] and the [[sphenoid bone]]. Each parietal bone is roughly quadrilateral in shape and has two surfaces, four borders, and four angles.

			===Surfaces===
			The external surface of the parietal bone is convex and smooth, providing attachment for the [[temporalis muscle]]. The internal surface is concave and contains grooves for the [[middle meningeal artery]] and [[venous sinuses]].

	===Borders===		===Borders===
	The parietal bone ~~has four borders:~~		* '''Sagittal border''': The superior border, which articulates with the opposite parietal bone at the [[sagittal suture]].
			* '''Squamous border''': The inferior border, which articulates with the [[temporal bone]].
	* The frontal border is part of the [[~~coronal~~ suture]].		* '''Frontal border''': The anterior border, which articulates with the [[frontal bone]] at the [[coronal suture]].
	* The ~~sagittal~~ border ~~is part of~~ the [[~~sagittal suture~~]].		* '''Occipital border''': The posterior border, which articulates with the [[occipital bone]] at the [[lambdoid suture]].
	* The ~~occipital~~ border ~~is part of~~ the [[~~lambdoid~~ suture]].
	* The ~~squamous~~ border ~~is part of~~ the [[~~squamosal~~ suture]].

	===Angles===		===Angles===
	~~The parietal bone has four angles~~:		* '''Frontal angle''': Located at the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures.
			* '''Sphenoidal angle''': Located at the junction of the coronal and squamous sutures.
			* '''Occipital angle''': Located at the junction of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures.
			* '''Mastoid angle''': Located at the junction of the lambdoid and squamous sutures.

	* The ~~frontal angle is~~ the ~~point at which~~ the ~~bone begins to curve inward~~.		==Development==
	* The occipital angle is the point at which the ~~bone begins~~ to ~~curve outward.~~		The parietal bone develops from two primary ossification centers that appear in the membrane covering the developing brain. These centers appear around the eighth week of fetal development and fuse to form a single bone by birth. The bone continues to grow and remodel throughout childhood and adolescence.
	* The sphenoidal angle is the point at which the bone ~~begins to curve inward~~.
	* The ~~mastoid angle is the point at which the~~ bone ~~begins~~ to ~~curve outward~~.

	==~~Development~~==		==Function==
	The parietal bone is ~~ossified in membrane from a single center, which appears at~~ the ~~parietal eminence about~~ the ~~eighth week of fetal life~~.		The primary function of the parietal bone is to protect the brain by forming part of the cranial vault. It also provides attachment points for muscles involved in mastication and head movement.

	==Clinical significance==		==Clinical significance==
	~~Damage to~~ the parietal ~~lobe~~ can ~~result in [[sensory loss]], [[impaired spatial processing]],~~ and [[~~disorders of language~~]].		Fractures of the parietal bone can occur due to trauma and may lead to complications such as [[epidural hematoma]] if the middle meningeal artery is damaged. Surgical interventions may be necessary in severe cases.

	==~~See also~~==		==Images==
	* [[~~Cranium~~]]		[[File:Parietal bone lateral view.png\|thumb\|right\|Lateral view of the parietal bone (highlighted in green).]]
	* [[~~Human skull]]~~		[[File:Parietal bone internal view.png\|thumb\|left\|Internal view of the parietal bone showing grooves for the middle meningeal artery.]]
	* [[Suture (anatomy)]]

	==~~References~~==		==Related pages==
	~~<references />~~		* [[Skull]]
			* [[Cranial sutures]]
	~~==External links==~~		* [[Frontal bone]]
	* [~~https://www.britannica.com/science/parietal-~~bone ~~Britannica - Parietal Bone~~]		* [[Occipital bone]]
			* [[Temporal bone]]

	[[Category:Skull]]		[[Category:Skull]]
	[[Category:Bones of the head and neck]]		[[Category:Bones of the head and neck]]

	~~{{stub}}~~
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Parietal_bone_posterior2.png\|Parietal bone~~
	~~File:Gray132.png\|Parietal bone~~
	~~File:Gray133.png\|Parietal bone~~
	~~File:Left_parietal_boen_-_animation.gif\|Parietal bone~~
	~~File:Sagittal_suture_2.jpg\|Parietal bone~~
	~~File:SchaedelSeitlichSutur1.png\|Parietal bone~~
	~~File:SchaedelSeitlichSutur3.png\|Parietal bone~~
	~~File:Lambdoid_suture.png\|Parietal bone~~
	~~File:Tuatara_skull_diagram.svg\|Parietal bone~~
	~~File:Parietal_bone_animation2.gif\|Parietal bone~~
	~~File:Parietal_bone.jpg\|Parietal bone~~
	~~File:HSCA-JFK-head-7-125.jpg\|Parietal bone~~
	~~</gallery>~~

Prab: CSV import

2025-02-18T12:23:15Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 12:23, 18 February 2025
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	{{stub}}		{{stub}}
			<gallery>
			File:Parietal_bone_posterior2.png\|Parietal bone
			File:Gray132.png\|Parietal bone
			File:Gray133.png\|Parietal bone
			File:Left_parietal_boen_-_animation.gif\|Parietal bone
			File:Sagittal_suture_2.jpg\|Parietal bone
			File:SchaedelSeitlichSutur1.png\|Parietal bone
			File:SchaedelSeitlichSutur3.png\|Parietal bone
			File:Lambdoid_suture.png\|Parietal bone
			File:Tuatara_skull_diagram.svg\|Parietal bone
			File:Parietal_bone_animation2.gif\|Parietal bone
			File:Parietal_bone.jpg\|Parietal bone
			File:HSCA-JFK-head-7-125.jpg\|Parietal bone
			</gallery>

Prab: CSV import

2024-02-25T15:46:34Z

CSV import

New page

'''Parietal bone'''

The '''parietal bone''' is a bone in the human skull which, when joined together, form the sides and roof of the cranium. Each bone is roughly quadrilateral in form, and has two surfaces, four borders, and four angles. It is named from the Latin ''paries'' (-ietis), wall.

==Structure==
The parietal bone articulates with the [[frontal bone]] via the [[coronal suture]]. Posteriorly, it articulates with the [[occipital bone]] via the [[lambdoid suture]]. The sagittal suture joins the two parietal bones together. Lastly, it articulates with the [[temporal bone]] via the [[squamosal suture]].

===Borders===
The parietal bone has four borders:

* The frontal border is part of the [[coronal suture]].
* The sagittal border is part of the [[sagittal suture]].
* The occipital border is part of the [[lambdoid suture]].
* The squamous border is part of the [[squamosal suture]].

===Angles===
The parietal bone has four angles:

* The frontal angle is the point at which the bone begins to curve inward.
* The occipital angle is the point at which the bone begins to curve outward.
* The sphenoidal angle is the point at which the bone begins to curve inward.
* The mastoid angle is the point at which the bone begins to curve outward.

==Development==
The parietal bone is ossified in membrane from a single center, which appears at the parietal eminence about the eighth week of fetal life.

==Clinical significance==
Damage to the parietal lobe can result in [[sensory loss]], [[impaired spatial processing]], and [[disorders of language]].

==See also==
* [[Cranium]]
* [[Human skull]]
* [[Suture (anatomy)]]

==References==
<references />

==External links==
* [https://www.britannica.com/science/parietal-bone Britannica - Parietal Bone]

[[Category:Skull]]
[[Category:Bones of the head and neck]]

{{stub}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:23, 18 February 2025
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	{{stub}}		{{stub}}
			<gallery>
			File:Parietal_bone_posterior2.png\|Parietal bone
			File:Gray132.png\|Parietal bone
			File:Gray133.png\|Parietal bone
			File:Left_parietal_boen_-_animation.gif\|Parietal bone
			File:Sagittal_suture_2.jpg\|Parietal bone
			File:SchaedelSeitlichSutur1.png\|Parietal bone
			File:SchaedelSeitlichSutur3.png\|Parietal bone
			File:Lambdoid_suture.png\|Parietal bone
			File:Tuatara_skull_diagram.svg\|Parietal bone
			File:Parietal_bone_animation2.gif\|Parietal bone
			File:Parietal_bone.jpg\|Parietal bone
			File:HSCA-JFK-head-7-125.jpg\|Parietal bone
			</gallery>