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[[File:Warne_Pantomine_1890.jpg|Warne Pantomine 1890|thumb]] [[File:Ancient_Macedonian_antefix_2nd_century_A.D.jpg|Ancient Macedonian antefix 2nd century A.D|thumb|left]] [[File:Richarlequin.jpg|Richarlequin|thumb|left]] [[File:Pantomime_1803.jpg|Pantomime 1803|thumb]] [[File:Harvard_Theatre_Collection_-_Grimaldi_(2)_MS_Thr_847.jpg|Harvard Theatre Collection - Grimaldi (2) MS Thr 847|thumb]] [[File:Dan_Leno_and_Herbert_Campbell.jpg|Dan Leno and Herbert Campbell|thumb]] '''Pantomime''' (often referred to as '''panto''') is a type of [[musical theatre]] traditionally performed during the [[Christmas]] and [[New Year]] season. Although it is most closely associated with the [[United Kingdom]], its popularity has spread to other English-speaking countries like [[Ireland]], [[Canada]], [[Australia]], and [[New Zealand]]. Pantomime combines songs, dance, slapstick comedy, cross-dressing, and audience participation, with stories usually based on well-known [[fairy tales]], [[folk tales]], and [[children's stories]].

==History==
The origins of pantomime can be traced back to the [[Middle Ages]], with its form evolving over the centuries. It was significantly influenced by the [[Commedia dell'arte]] from [[Italy]], a form of masked comedy that introduced stock characters and improvised performances. By the 18th century, [[John Rich]], a theatre manager in London, is credited with transforming pantomime into a form recognizable today, incorporating mime, music, and spectacular theatrical effects.

==Key Elements==
Pantomime incorporates several key elements that distinguish it from other forms of theatre:

* '''[[Storyline]]''': The plot is usually a well-known fairy tale or children's story, such as "[[Cinderella]]", "[[Aladdin]]", or "[[Jack and the Beanstalk]]". The story is adapted for comedic effect and often includes contemporary references.
* '''[[Characters]]''': Traditional pantomime characters include the Dame (a comic, maternal figure, traditionally played by a man), the Principal Boy (the hero, often played by a woman), and the Villain (who the audience is encouraged to boo).
* '''[[Audience Participation]]''': Audience members are expected to interact with the performers, such as shouting phrases like "Behind you!" or "Oh no, it isn't!"
* '''[[Music and Dance]]''': Songs and dance numbers are integral to pantomime, ranging from traditional tunes to modern pop songs adapted for the show.
* '''[[Slapstick Comedy]]''': Physical comedy, including pratfalls and pie-throwing, is a staple of pantomime performances.

==Cultural Significance==
Pantomime plays a significant role in British culture during the winter holiday season. It is often a child's first experience of live theatre and is cherished for its ability to bring families together in a shared entertainment experience. The genre has also been a platform for discussing contemporary issues and incorporating modern pop culture, making it relevant across generations.

==Modern Pantomime==
Today, pantomime remains a popular tradition, with productions ranging from large, professional performances in city theatres to amateur shows in local communities. Modern pantomimes continue to evolve, incorporating new technologies for special effects and addressing contemporary themes, while still adhering to the traditional format that has delighted audiences for centuries.

==See Also==
* [[Musical Theatre]]
* [[Commedia dell'arte]]
* [[Fairy Tales]]
* [[Folk Tales]]

[[Category:Theatre]]
[[Category:Performing Arts]]
[[Category:Cultural History]]

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Pantomime - Revision history

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