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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[File:PARP1_binding_olaparib_5DS3.png|thumb|PARP1_binding_olaparib_5DS3.png]] '''PARP inhibitor'''<br />
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'''PARP inhibitors''' are a class of pharmacological inhibitors of the enzyme [[Poly ADP ribose polymerase]] (PARP). They are primarily used in the treatment of [[cancer]], particularly [[ovarian cancer]], [[breast cancer]], [[prostate cancer]], and [[pancreatic cancer]]. PARP inhibitors exploit the concept of [[synthetic lethality]] to target cancer cells with specific genetic deficiencies, such as [[BRCA1]] or [[BRCA2]] mutations.<br />
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==Mechanism of Action==<br />
PARP inhibitors work by inhibiting the PARP enzyme, which plays a critical role in the repair of single-strand DNA breaks through the [[base excision repair]] pathway. When PARP is inhibited, single-strand breaks accumulate and eventually lead to double-strand breaks during DNA replication. In normal cells, these double-strand breaks can be repaired by the [[homologous recombination]] repair pathway. However, in cancer cells with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations, this repair pathway is defective, leading to cell death.<br />
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==Clinical Applications==<br />
PARP inhibitors have shown significant efficacy in treating cancers with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. They are also being investigated for use in other cancers with deficiencies in DNA repair mechanisms. Some of the approved PARP inhibitors include:<br />
* [[Olaparib]]<br />
* [[Rucaparib]]<br />
* [[Niraparib]]<br />
* [[Talazoparib]]<br />
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==Side Effects==<br />
Common side effects of PARP inhibitors include [[nausea]], [[fatigue]], [[anemia]], and [[thrombocytopenia]]. More severe side effects can include [[myelodysplastic syndrome]] and [[acute myeloid leukemia]].<br />
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==Research and Development==<br />
Ongoing research is focused on expanding the use of PARP inhibitors to other types of cancer and understanding the mechanisms of resistance that some tumors develop. Combination therapies with other agents, such as [[immune checkpoint inhibitors]], are also being explored.<br />
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==See Also==<br />
* [[BRCA mutation]]<br />
* [[DNA repair]]<br />
* [[Synthetic lethality]]<br />
* [[Cancer treatment]]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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==External Links==<br />
{{Commons category|PARP inhibitors}}<br />
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[[Category:Cancer treatments]]<br />
[[Category:Enzyme inhibitors]]<br />
[[Category:DNA repair]]<br />
[[Category:Pharmacology]]<br />
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