Oxygen toxicity - Revision history

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	[[File:Human_eye_cross_section_detached_retina.svg\|thumb~~\|right~~\|Detached retina, a potential complication of oxygen toxicity.]]		{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Oxygen toxicity
			\| image = [[File:File-Oxygen_toxicity_testing.jpeg\|left\|thumb\|Oxygen toxicity testing]]
			\| caption = Testing for oxygen toxicity
			\| field = [[Pulmonology]]
			\| symptoms = [[Seizures]], [[visual disturbances]], [[tinnitus]], [[nausea]], [[twitching]], [[irritability]], [[dizziness]]
			\| complications = [[Lung damage]], [[central nervous system toxicity]]
			\| onset = Minutes to hours after exposure to high [[partial pressure]] of oxygen
			\| duration = Variable, depending on exposure
			\| causes = Breathing [[oxygen]] at elevated [[partial pressure]]
			\| risks = [[Hyperbaric oxygen therapy]], [[scuba diving]], [[mechanical ventilation]]
			\| diagnosis = Based on [[clinical presentation]] and [[history of exposure]]
			\| differential = [[Hypoxia]], [[carbon dioxide toxicity]], [[decompression sickness]]
			\| prevention = Limiting exposure to high [[oxygen]] levels
			\| treatment = Reducing [[oxygen]] exposure, supportive care
			\| prognosis = Generally good if exposure is limited
			\| frequency = Rare in controlled settings
			}}
			[[File:Human_eye_cross_section_detached_retina.svg\|left\|thumb\|Detached retina, a potential complication of oxygen toxicity.]]
	'''Oxygen toxicity''' is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) at increased partial pressures. It is also known as oxygen poisoning or oxygen intoxication. The condition can affect the central nervous system, lungs, and eyes, and is a concern in medical, diving, and space environments.		'''Oxygen toxicity''' is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) at increased partial pressures. It is also known as oxygen poisoning or oxygen intoxication. The condition can affect the central nervous system, lungs, and eyes, and is a concern in medical, diving, and space environments.

	==History==		==History==
	[[File:Paul_Bert.jpg\|thumb~~\|left~~\|Paul Bert, a pioneer in the study of oxygen toxicity.]]		[[File:Paul_Bert.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Paul Bert, a pioneer in the study of oxygen toxicity.]]
	The phenomenon of oxygen toxicity was first described by [[Paul Bert]], a French physiologist, in the 19th century. Bert demonstrated that breathing oxygen at high pressures could lead to convulsions and other symptoms. His work laid the foundation for understanding the effects of oxygen at elevated pressures.		The phenomenon of oxygen toxicity was first described by [[Paul Bert]], a French physiologist, in the 19th century. Bert demonstrated that breathing oxygen at high pressures could lead to convulsions and other symptoms. His work laid the foundation for understanding the effects of oxygen at elevated pressures.

	==Mechanism==		==Mechanism==
	Oxygen toxicity occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen exceeds the body's ability to manage reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS can cause damage to cell membranes, proteins, and DNA. The primary mechanisms include:		Oxygen toxicity occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen exceeds the body's ability to manage reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS can cause damage to cell membranes, proteins, and DNA. The primary mechanisms include:

	* '''Central Nervous System (CNS) Toxicity''': Also known as the "Paul Bert effect," CNS toxicity can lead to symptoms such as visual disturbances, nausea, twitching, irritability, and seizures.		* '''Central Nervous System (CNS) Toxicity''': Also known as the "Paul Bert effect," CNS toxicity can lead to symptoms such as visual disturbances, nausea, twitching, irritability, and seizures.
	* '''Pulmonary Toxicity''': Also known as the "Lorrain Smith effect," this occurs with prolonged exposure to elevated oxygen levels, leading to symptoms such as coughing, difficulty breathing, and pulmonary edema.		* '''Pulmonary Toxicity''': Also known as the "Lorrain Smith effect," this occurs with prolonged exposure to elevated oxygen levels, leading to symptoms such as coughing, difficulty breathing, and pulmonary edema.

	==Pathophysiology==		==Pathophysiology==
	[[File:Lipid_peroxidation.svg\|thumb~~\|right~~\|Lipid peroxidation is a key process in oxygen toxicity.]]		[[File:Lipid_peroxidation.svg\|left\|thumb\|Lipid peroxidation is a key process in oxygen toxicity.]]
	The pathophysiology of oxygen toxicity involves oxidative stress, where an imbalance between the production of ROS and the body's ability to detoxify these reactive intermediates leads to cellular damage. Lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA damage are critical processes in the development of oxygen toxicity.		The pathophysiology of oxygen toxicity involves oxidative stress, where an imbalance between the production of ROS and the body's ability to detoxify these reactive intermediates leads to cellular damage. Lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA damage are critical processes in the development of oxygen toxicity.

	==Clinical Manifestations==		==Clinical Manifestations==
	[[File:Robert_W_Hamilton_Jr.png\|thumb~~\|left~~\|Robert W. Hamilton Jr., contributed to the understanding of oxygen toxicity in diving.]]		[[File:Robert_W_Hamilton_Jr.png\|left\|thumb\|Robert W. Hamilton Jr., contributed to the understanding of oxygen toxicity in diving.]]
	===Central Nervous System===		===Central Nervous System===
	CNS oxygen toxicity is characterized by symptoms such as:		CNS oxygen toxicity is characterized by symptoms such as:
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	* Dizziness		* Dizziness
	* Seizures		* Seizures

	===Pulmonary System===		===Pulmonary System===
	[[File:Pulmonary_toxicity_tolerance_curves.svg\|thumb~~\|left~~\|Pulmonary toxicity tolerance curves.]]		[[File:Pulmonary_toxicity_tolerance_curves.svg\|left\|thumb\|Pulmonary toxicity tolerance curves.]]
	Pulmonary oxygen toxicity can manifest as:		Pulmonary oxygen toxicity can manifest as:
	* Coughing		* Coughing
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	* Shortness of breath		* Shortness of breath
	* Pulmonary edema		* Pulmonary edema

	===Ocular Effects===		===Ocular Effects===
	Oxygen toxicity can also affect the eyes, leading to conditions such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants.		Oxygen toxicity can also affect the eyes, leading to conditions such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants.

	==Prevention and Management==		==Prevention and Management==
	Preventing oxygen toxicity involves controlling the partial pressure of oxygen in breathing gases. In diving, this is managed by using gas mixtures with lower oxygen content, such as nitrox or trimix. In medical settings, careful monitoring of oxygen therapy is essential.		Preventing oxygen toxicity involves controlling the partial pressure of oxygen in breathing gases. In diving, this is managed by using gas mixtures with lower oxygen content, such as nitrox or trimix. In medical settings, careful monitoring of oxygen therapy is essential.

	==Notable Figures==		==Notable Figures==
	* [[Paul Bert]]: Pioneered the study of oxygen toxicity.		* [[Paul Bert]]: Pioneered the study of oxygen toxicity.
	* [[Robert W. Hamilton Jr.]]: Made significant contributions to the understanding of oxygen toxicity in diving.		* [[Robert W. Hamilton Jr.]]: Made significant contributions to the understanding of oxygen toxicity in diving.
			==See also==
	==~~Related Pages~~==
	* [[Hyperbaric oxygen therapy]]		* [[Hyperbaric oxygen therapy]]
	* [[Reactive oxygen species]]		* [[Reactive oxygen species]]
	* [[Diving medicine]]		* [[Diving medicine]]
	* [[Retinopathy of prematurity]]		* [[Retinopathy of prematurity]]

	[[Category:Oxygen]]		[[Category:Oxygen]]
	[[Category:Toxicology]]		[[Category:Toxicology]]
	[[Category:Diving medicine]]		[[Category:Diving medicine]]

Prab at 21:08, 21 February 2025

2025-02-21T21:08:03Z

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	~~Oxygen Toxicity~~		[[File:Human_eye_cross_section_detached_retina.svg\|thumb\|right\|Detached retina, a potential complication of oxygen toxicity.]]

	[[File:~~Oxygen_toxicity_testing~~.~~jpeg~~\|thumb\|right\|~~Testing for~~ oxygen toxicity ~~in a controlled environment~~.]]

	'''Oxygen toxicity''' is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) at increased partial pressures. It is also known as oxygen poisoning or oxygen intoxication. The condition can affect the central nervous system, lungs, and eyes, and is a concern in medical, diving, and space environments.		'''Oxygen toxicity''' is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) at increased partial pressures. It is also known as oxygen poisoning or oxygen intoxication. The condition can affect the central nervous system, lungs, and eyes, and is a concern in medical, diving, and space environments.

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	==Clinical Manifestations==		==Clinical Manifestations==
			[[File:Robert_W_Hamilton_Jr.png\|thumb\|left\|Robert W. Hamilton Jr., contributed to the understanding of oxygen toxicity in diving.]]
	===Central Nervous System===		===Central Nervous System===
	CNS oxygen toxicity is characterized by symptoms such as:		CNS oxygen toxicity is characterized by symptoms such as:
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	===Ocular Effects===		===Ocular Effects===
	~~[[File:Human_eye_cross_section_detached_retina.svg\|thumb\|right\|Detached retina, a potential complication of oxygen toxicity.]]~~
	Oxygen toxicity can also affect the eyes, leading to conditions such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants.		Oxygen toxicity can also affect the eyes, leading to conditions such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants.

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	==Notable Figures==		==Notable Figures==
	~~[[File:Robert_W_Hamilton_Jr.png\|thumb\|left\|Robert W. Hamilton Jr., contributed to the understanding of oxygen toxicity in diving.]]~~
	* [[Paul Bert]]: Pioneered the study of oxygen toxicity.		* [[Paul Bert]]: Pioneered the study of oxygen toxicity.
	* [[Robert W. Hamilton Jr.]]: Made significant contributions to the understanding of oxygen toxicity in diving.		* [[Robert W. Hamilton Jr.]]: Made significant contributions to the understanding of oxygen toxicity in diving.

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	~~{{Short description\|A condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen at increased partial pressures}}~~		Oxygen Toxicity

	~~==Oxygen Toxicity==~~		[[File:Oxygen_toxicity_testing.jpeg\|thumb\|right\|Testing for oxygen toxicity in a controlled environment.]]
	[[File:~~Oxygen toxicity diagram~~.~~png~~\|thumb\|right\|~~Diagram illustrating the effects of~~ oxygen toxicity ~~on the human body~~.]]
	'''Oxygen toxicity''' is a condition ~~that occurs when~~ the ~~body is exposed to an excess~~ of [[oxygen]] (O_) at ~~elevated~~ partial pressures. ~~This~~ can ~~lead to harmful effects on~~ the [[~~lungs~~]], [[~~central nervous system~~]], and other ~~organs~~. Oxygen toxicity ~~is a concern in various medical~~ and ~~diving scenarios where high concentrations of~~ oxygen ~~are used~~.		'''Oxygen toxicity''' is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) at increased partial pressures. It is also known as oxygen poisoning or oxygen intoxication. The condition can affect the central nervous system, lungs, and eyes, and is a concern in medical, diving, and space environments.

			==History==
			[[File:Paul_Bert.jpg\|thumb\|left\|Paul Bert, a pioneer in the study of oxygen toxicity.]]
			The phenomenon of oxygen toxicity was first described by [[Paul Bert]], a French physiologist, in the 19th century. Bert demonstrated that breathing oxygen at high pressures could lead to convulsions and other symptoms. His work laid the foundation for understanding the effects of oxygen at elevated pressures.

			==Mechanism==
			Oxygen toxicity occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen exceeds the body's ability to manage reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS can cause damage to cell membranes, proteins, and DNA. The primary mechanisms include:

			* '''Central Nervous System (CNS) Toxicity''': Also known as the "Paul Bert effect," CNS toxicity can lead to symptoms such as visual disturbances, nausea, twitching, irritability, and seizures.
			* '''Pulmonary Toxicity''': Also known as the "Lorrain Smith effect," this occurs with prolonged exposure to elevated oxygen levels, leading to symptoms such as coughing, difficulty breathing, and pulmonary edema.

	==Pathophysiology==		==Pathophysiology==
	~~Oxygen toxicity primarily affects the~~ [[~~lungs]] and the [[central nervous system~~]]. The ~~condition is caused by~~ the ~~formation~~ of ~~reactive oxygen species (~~ROS~~) such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide,~~ and ~~hydroxyl radicals~~. ~~These ROS can damage cellular components, including [[lipids]]~~, ~~[[proteins]]~~, and [[DNA]].		[[File:Lipid_peroxidation.svg\|thumb\|right\|Lipid peroxidation is a key process in oxygen toxicity.]]
			The pathophysiology of oxygen toxicity involves oxidative stress, where an imbalance between the production of ROS and the body's ability to detoxify these reactive intermediates leads to cellular damage. Lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA damage are critical processes in the development of oxygen toxicity.

	===~~Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity~~===		==Clinical Manifestations==
	Pulmonary oxygen toxicity, also known as the "Lorrain Smith effect," occurs when the lungs are exposed to high concentrations of oxygen for extended periods. Symptoms include [[coughing]], [[chest pain]], and difficulty breathing. Prolonged exposure can lead to [[pulmonary edema]] and [[atelectasis]].

	===Central Nervous System ~~Oxygen Toxicity~~===		===Central Nervous System===
	~~Central nervous system (~~CNS) oxygen toxicity~~, also known~~ as ~~the "Paul Bert effect," can occur during [[hyperbaric oxygen therapy]] or [[scuba diving]] with enriched oxygen mixtures. Symptoms include [[seizures]], [[visual~~ disturbances~~]], [[tinnitus]], and [[nausea]]. CNS oxygen toxicity is acute and can be life-threatening if not managed promptly.~~		CNS oxygen toxicity is characterized by symptoms such as:
			* Visual disturbances
			* Nausea
			* Twitching
			* Irritability
			* Dizziness
			* Seizures

	==~~Risk Factors~~==		===Pulmonary System===
	~~Several factors can increase the risk of~~ oxygen toxicity~~, including~~:		[[File:Pulmonary_toxicity_tolerance_curves.svg\|thumb\|left\|Pulmonary toxicity tolerance curves.]]
	* ~~High partial pressures of oxygen, typically above 0.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA).~~		Pulmonary oxygen toxicity can manifest as:
	* ~~Prolonged exposure to elevated oxygen levels.~~		* Coughing
	* ~~Individual susceptibility, which can vary based on genetic and environmental factors.~~		* Chest pain
	* ~~Use of oxygen-enriched breathing mixtures in diving or hyperbaric therapy.~~		* Shortness of breath
			* Pulmonary edema

	==~~Prevention~~==		===Ocular Effects===
	~~Preventing oxygen toxicity involves careful monitoring of oxygen exposure and adherence to safe limits~~. ~~In medical settings~~, ~~this includes:~~		[[File:Human_eye_cross_section_detached_retina.svg\|thumb\|right\|Detached retina, a potential complication of oxygen toxicity.]]
	* Using the lowest effective concentration of oxygen.		Oxygen toxicity can also affect the eyes, leading to conditions such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in infants.
	* Monitoring blood oxygen levels with [[pulse oximetry]].
	* Limiting the ~~duration~~ of ~~exposure to high oxygen concentrations~~.

	In diving, ~~prevention strategies include:~~		==Prevention and Management==
	* Adhering to established dive tables and limits for oxygen exposure.		Preventing oxygen toxicity involves controlling the partial pressure of oxygen in breathing gases. In diving, this is managed by using gas mixtures with lower oxygen content, such as nitrox or trimix. In medical settings, careful monitoring of oxygen therapy is essential.
	* Using [[nitrox]] mixtures with ~~appropriate~~ oxygen ~~fractions~~.
	* Monitoring dive profiles and ascent rates to avoid exceeding safe oxygen ~~partial pressures~~.

	==~~Management~~==		==Notable Figures==
	~~Management~~ of oxygen toxicity ~~involves reducing oxygen exposure and treating symptoms~~. ~~In cases~~ of ~~pulmonary~~ toxicity~~, reducing~~ the ~~inspired~~ oxygen ~~concentration and providing supportive care can help alleviate symptoms. For CNS~~ toxicity~~, immediate reduction of oxygen levels and supportive measures, such as anticonvulsant medications, may be necessary~~.		[[File:Robert_W_Hamilton_Jr.png\|thumb\|left\|Robert W. Hamilton Jr., contributed to the understanding of oxygen toxicity in diving.]]
			* [[Paul Bert]]: Pioneered the study of oxygen toxicity.
			* [[Robert W. Hamilton Jr.]]: Made significant contributions to the understanding of oxygen toxicity in diving.

	==~~See Also~~==		==Related Pages==
	* [[Hyperbaric ~~medicine~~]]		* [[Hyperbaric oxygen therapy]]
	* [[Reactive oxygen species]]		* [[Reactive oxygen species]]
	* [[~~Scuba diving~~]]		* [[Diving medicine]]
	* [[~~Pulmonary edema~~]]		* [[Retinopathy of prematurity]]

	~~==Related Pages==~~		[[Category:Oxygen]]
	* [[~~Hypoxia]]~~		[[Category:Toxicology]]
	* [[Hyperoxia]]
	* [[Oxidative stress]]

	[[Category:~~Respiratory diseases~~]]
	[[Category:Diving medicine]]		[[Category:Diving medicine]]
	~~[[Category:Oxygen]]~~

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-'''Oxygen toxicity''' is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular [[oxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>) at elevated partial pressures. It is also known as '''oxygen toxicity syndrome''', '''oxygen intoxication''', and '''oxygen poisoning'''. Historically, the central nervous system condition was called the '''Paul Bert effect''', and the pulmonary condition the '''Lorrain Smith effect''', after the researchers who pioneered its discovery and description in the late 19th century. Oxygen toxicity is a concern for [[underwater diving]], [[space travel]], and [[hyperbaric oxygen therapy]].
+{{Short description|A condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen at increased partial pressures}}
-== Signs and symptoms ==
+==Oxygen Toxicity==
-Oxygen toxicity is characterised by a range of symptoms from mild, such as [[headache]]s and shortness of breath, to severe, such as seizures and death. The symptoms are often subtle and can be easily mistaken for other conditions.
+[[File:Oxygen toxicity diagram.png|thumb|right|Diagram illustrating the effects of oxygen toxicity on the human body.]]
-== Causes ==
+==Pathophysiology==
-The primary cause of oxygen toxicity is exposure to high partial pressures of oxygen at greater than atmospheric pressure. This can occur in activities such as [[scuba diving]], [[hyperbaric oxygen therapy]], and [[oxygen supplementation]] in neonatal care.
+Oxygen toxicity primarily affects the [[lungs]] and the [[central nervous system]]. The condition is caused by the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. These ROS can damage cellular components, including [[lipids]], [[proteins]], and [[DNA]].
-== Prevention ==
+===Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity===
-Prevention of oxygen toxicity involves limiting the exposure to high partial pressures of oxygen. This can be achieved by limiting dive times, using [[nitrox]] mixtures with lower oxygen content, and carefully monitoring oxygen exposure in medical settings.
+Pulmonary oxygen toxicity, also known as the "Lorrain Smith effect," occurs when the lungs are exposed to high concentrations of oxygen for extended periods. Symptoms include [[coughing]], [[chest pain]], and difficulty breathing. Prolonged exposure can lead to [[pulmonary edema]] and [[atelectasis]].
-== Treatment ==
+===Central Nervous System Oxygen Toxicity===
-Treatment for oxygen toxicity involves reducing the partial pressure of oxygen breathed, treating any seizures that occur, and providing supportive care.
+Central nervous system (CNS) oxygen toxicity, also known as the "Paul Bert effect," can occur during [[hyperbaric oxygen therapy]] or [[scuba diving]] with enriched oxygen mixtures. Symptoms include [[seizures]], [[visual disturbances]], [[tinnitus]], and [[nausea]]. CNS oxygen toxicity is acute and can be life-threatening if not managed promptly.
-== See also ==
+==Risk Factors==
 * [[Hyperoxia]]
-* [[Barotrauma]]
+* [[Oxidative stress]]
 [[Category:Respiratory diseases]]
 [[Category:Oxygen]]

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	{{stub}}		{{stub}}
			<gallery>
			File:Oxygen_toxicity_testing.jpeg\|Oxygen toxicity testing
			File:Clark1974.png\|Oxygen toxicity
			File:Pulmonary_toxicity_tolerance_curves.svg\|Pulmonary toxicity tolerance curves
			File:Lipid_peroxidation.svg\|Lipid peroxidation
			File:Cylinder_mod.jpg\|Oxygen toxicity
			File:Human_eye_cross_section_detached_retina.svg\|Human eye cross section with detached retina
			File:Human_eye_cross_section_scleral_buckle.svg\|Human eye cross section with scleral buckle
			File:Incidence_of_ROP.svg\|Incidence of ROP
			File:Paul_Bert.jpg\|Paul Bert
			File:Robert_W_Hamilton_Jr.png\|Robert W. Hamilton Jr.
			</gallery>

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2024-02-24T00:02:35Z

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New page

'''Oxygen toxicity''' is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular [[oxygen]] (O<sub>2</sub>) at elevated partial pressures. It is also known as '''oxygen toxicity syndrome''', '''oxygen intoxication''', and '''oxygen poisoning'''. Historically, the central nervous system condition was called the '''Paul Bert effect''', and the pulmonary condition the '''Lorrain Smith effect''', after the researchers who pioneered its discovery and description in the late 19th century. Oxygen toxicity is a concern for [[underwater diving]], [[space travel]], and [[hyperbaric oxygen therapy]].

== Signs and symptoms ==
Oxygen toxicity is characterised by a range of symptoms from mild, such as [[headache]]s and shortness of breath, to severe, such as seizures and death. The symptoms are often subtle and can be easily mistaken for other conditions.

== Causes ==
The primary cause of oxygen toxicity is exposure to high partial pressures of oxygen at greater than atmospheric pressure. This can occur in activities such as [[scuba diving]], [[hyperbaric oxygen therapy]], and [[oxygen supplementation]] in neonatal care.

== Prevention ==
Prevention of oxygen toxicity involves limiting the exposure to high partial pressures of oxygen. This can be achieved by limiting dive times, using [[nitrox]] mixtures with lower oxygen content, and carefully monitoring oxygen exposure in medical settings.

== Treatment ==
Treatment for oxygen toxicity involves reducing the partial pressure of oxygen breathed, treating any seizures that occur, and providing supportive care.

== See also ==
* [[Hyperoxia]]
* [[Barotrauma]]
* [[Decompression sickness]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Toxic effects of substances chiefly nonmedicinal as to source]]
[[Category:Underwater diving physiology]]
[[Category:Respiratory diseases]]
[[Category:Oxygen]]

{{stub}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:49, 18 February 2025
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	{{stub}}		{{stub}}
			<gallery>
			File:Oxygen_toxicity_testing.jpeg\|Oxygen toxicity testing
			File:Clark1974.png\|Oxygen toxicity
			File:Pulmonary_toxicity_tolerance_curves.svg\|Pulmonary toxicity tolerance curves
			File:Lipid_peroxidation.svg\|Lipid peroxidation
			File:Cylinder_mod.jpg\|Oxygen toxicity
			File:Human_eye_cross_section_detached_retina.svg\|Human eye cross section with detached retina
			File:Human_eye_cross_section_scleral_buckle.svg\|Human eye cross section with scleral buckle
			File:Incidence_of_ROP.svg\|Incidence of ROP
			File:Paul_Bert.jpg\|Paul Bert
			File:Robert_W_Hamilton_Jr.png\|Robert W. Hamilton Jr.
			</gallery>

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:30, 14 April 2025
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	{{SI}}		{{SI}}
	{{Infobox medical condition		{{Infobox medical condition
	\| name = Oxygen toxicity		\| name = Oxygen toxicity
	\| image = [[File:File-Oxygen_toxicity_testing.jpeg~~\|left\|thumb~~\|Oxygen toxicity testing]]		\| image = [[File:File-Oxygen_toxicity_testing.jpeg\|Oxygen toxicity testing]]
	\| caption = Testing for oxygen toxicity		\| caption = Testing for oxygen toxicity
	\| field = [[Pulmonology]]		\| field = [[Pulmonology]]
	\| symptoms = [[Seizures]], [[visual disturbances]], [[tinnitus]], [[nausea]], [[twitching]], [[irritability]], [[dizziness]]		\| symptoms = [[Seizures]], [[visual disturbances]], [[tinnitus]], [[nausea]], [[twitching]], [[irritability]], [[dizziness]]
	\| complications = [[Lung damage]], [[central nervous system toxicity]]		\| complications = [[Lung damage]], [[central nervous system toxicity]]
	\| onset = Minutes to hours after exposure to high [[partial pressure]] of oxygen		\| onset = Minutes to hours after exposure to high [[partial pressure]] of oxygen
	\| duration = Variable, depending on exposure		\| duration = Variable, depending on exposure
	\| causes = Breathing [[oxygen]] at elevated [[partial pressure]]		\| causes = Breathing [[oxygen]] at elevated [[partial pressure]]
	\| risks = [[Hyperbaric oxygen therapy]], [[scuba diving]], [[mechanical ventilation]]		\| risks = [[Hyperbaric oxygen therapy]], [[scuba diving]], [[mechanical ventilation]]
	\| diagnosis = Based on [[clinical presentation]] and [[history of exposure]]		\| diagnosis = Based on [[clinical presentation]] and [[history of exposure]]
	\| differential = [[Hypoxia]], [[carbon dioxide toxicity]], [[decompression sickness]]		\| differential = [[Hypoxia]], [[carbon dioxide toxicity]], [[decompression sickness]]
	\| prevention = Limiting exposure to high [[oxygen]] levels		\| prevention = Limiting exposure to high [[oxygen]] levels
	\| treatment = Reducing [[oxygen]] exposure, supportive care		\| treatment = Reducing [[oxygen]] exposure, supportive care
	\| prognosis = Generally good if exposure is limited		\| prognosis = Generally good if exposure is limited
	\| frequency = Rare in controlled settings		\| frequency = Rare in controlled settings
	}}		}}
	[[File:Human_eye_cross_section_detached_retina.svg~~\|left~~\|thumb\|Detached retina, a potential complication of oxygen toxicity.]]		[[File:Human_eye_cross_section_detached_retina.svg\|thumb\|Detached retina, a potential complication of oxygen toxicity.]]
	'''Oxygen toxicity''' is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) at increased partial pressures. It is also known as oxygen poisoning or oxygen intoxication. The condition can affect the central nervous system, lungs, and eyes, and is a concern in medical, diving, and space environments.		'''Oxygen toxicity''' is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) at increased partial pressures. It is also known as oxygen poisoning or oxygen intoxication. The condition can affect the central nervous system, lungs, and eyes, and is a concern in medical, diving, and space environments.
	==History==		==History==
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	* '''Pulmonary Toxicity''': Also known as the "Lorrain Smith effect," this occurs with prolonged exposure to elevated oxygen levels, leading to symptoms such as coughing, difficulty breathing, and pulmonary edema.		* '''Pulmonary Toxicity''': Also known as the "Lorrain Smith effect," this occurs with prolonged exposure to elevated oxygen levels, leading to symptoms such as coughing, difficulty breathing, and pulmonary edema.
	==Pathophysiology==		==Pathophysiology==
	[[File:Lipid_peroxidation.svg~~\|left~~\|thumb\|Lipid peroxidation is a key process in oxygen toxicity.]]		[[File:Lipid_peroxidation.svg\|thumb\|Lipid peroxidation is a key process in oxygen toxicity.]]
	The pathophysiology of oxygen toxicity involves oxidative stress, where an imbalance between the production of ROS and the body's ability to detoxify these reactive intermediates leads to cellular damage. Lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA damage are critical processes in the development of oxygen toxicity.		The pathophysiology of oxygen toxicity involves oxidative stress, where an imbalance between the production of ROS and the body's ability to detoxify these reactive intermediates leads to cellular damage. Lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA damage are critical processes in the development of oxygen toxicity.
	==Clinical Manifestations==		==Clinical Manifestations==
	[[File:Robert_W_Hamilton_Jr.png~~\|left~~\|thumb\|Robert W. Hamilton Jr., contributed to the understanding of oxygen toxicity in diving.]]		[[File:Robert_W_Hamilton_Jr.png\|thumb\|Robert W. Hamilton Jr., contributed to the understanding of oxygen toxicity in diving.]]
	===Central Nervous System===		===Central Nervous System===
	CNS oxygen toxicity is characterized by symptoms such as:		CNS oxygen toxicity is characterized by symptoms such as:
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	* Seizures		* Seizures
	===Pulmonary System===		===Pulmonary System===
	[[File:Pulmonary_toxicity_tolerance_curves.svg~~\|left~~\|thumb\|Pulmonary toxicity tolerance curves.]]		[[File:Pulmonary_toxicity_tolerance_curves.svg\|thumb\|Pulmonary toxicity tolerance curves.]]
	Pulmonary oxygen toxicity can manifest as:		Pulmonary oxygen toxicity can manifest as:
	* Coughing		* Coughing