Prab at 12:43, 27 August 2023

2023-08-27T12:43:34Z

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== '''What is Oxacillin?''' ==

* Oxacillin ('''Bactocill''') is a parenteral, '''second generation penicillin antibiotic''' used to treat infections caused by certain bacteria.

[[File:Oxacillin skeletal.svg|thumb|Oxacillin skeletal]]

[[File:Oxacillin-based-on-xtal-3D-bs-17.png|thumb|Oxacillin-based-on-xtal-3D-bs-17]]

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== '''What are the uses of this medicine?''' ==

* Oxacillin ('''Bactocill''') is used to treat moderate-to-severe, [[penicillinase]]-resistant [[staphylococcal infections]].
* Oxacillin may be used to initiate therapy in suspected cases of resistant staphylococcal infections prior to the availability of susceptibility test results. Oxacillin should not be used in infections caused by organisms susceptible to [[penicillin G]].
* Oxacillin is indicated for moderate-to-severe bacterial infections caused by sensitive agents including acute or chronic [[osteomyelitis]] and valvular [[endocarditis]].

== '''How does this medicine work?''' ==

* Oxacillin ('''Bactocill''') is a Penicillinase-resistant penicillins exert a '''[[bactericidal]] action''' against penicillin susceptible microorganisms during the state of active multiplication.
* '''All penicillins inhibit the biosynthesis of the bacterial cell wall'''.

== '''Who Should Not Use this medicine ?''' ==

This medicine cannot be used in patients who:
* history of a hypersensitivity ([[anaphylactic]]) reaction.

== '''What drug interactions can this medicine cause?''' ==

* Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
Be sure to mention any of the following:
* other [[antibiotics]]; [[probenecid]] (in Col-Probenecid, Probalan); and [[tetracycline]] (Sumycin).

== '''Is this medicine FDA approved?''' ==

* Oxacillin was approved for use in the United States in 1989 and is still in common use.

== '''How should this medicine be used?''' ==

Recommended dosage:
* The usual dose recommendation is as follows:
'''Adults:'''
* 250-500 mg administrated as I.V. infusion every 4-6 hours (mild to moderate infections)
* 1 gram administrarted as I.V. infusion every 4-6 hours (severe infections)

'''Administration:'''
* Oxacillin injection comes as a powder to be mixed with fluid or as a premixed product, to be injected [[intravenously]] (into a vein).
* Oxacillin injection can also be given [[intramuscularly]] (into a muscle).
* It is usually given every 4 to 6 hours.
* The length of your treatment depends on the type of infection you have.
* You may receive oxacillin injection in a hospital or you may administer the medication at home.
* If you will be receiving oxacillin injection at home, your healthcare provider will show you how to use the medication.
* Use oxacillin injection until you finish the prescription, even if you feel better.
* If you stop using oxacillin injection too soon or skip doses, your infection may not be completely treated and the bacteria may become resistant to [[antibiotics]].

== '''What are the dosage forms and brand names of this medicine?''' ==

This medicine is available in fallowing doasage form:
* As Oxacillin Injection

This medicine is available in fallowing brand namesː
* '''Bactocill'''

=='''What side effects can this medication cause?'''==

The most common side effects of this medicine include:
* fatigue
* [[anxiety]]
* [[dizziness]]
* [[diarrhea]]
* nausea
* fever
* [[hypersensitivity]] reactions
* difficulty swallowing or breathing
* swelling of the face, throat, tongue, lips, eyes, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs
* [[hoarseness]]
* tenderness, warmth, redness, swelling, or pain near the injection site

==''' What special precautions should I follow?''' ==

* Serious and occasionally fatal [[hypersensitivity]] ([[anaphylactic shock]] with collapse) reactions have occurred in patients receiving penicillin. When penicillin therapy is indicated, it should be initiated only after a comprehensive patient drug and allergy history has been obtained. If an allergic reaction occurs, the drug should be discontinued and the patient should receive supportive treatment.
* Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea ([[CDAD]]) has been reported with use of nearly all antibacterial agents, including Oxacillin Injection. Treatment with antibacterial agents alters the normal flora of the colon leading to overgrowth of C. difficile.
* Careful medical history is necessary since CDAD has been reported to occur over two months after the administration of antibacterial agents. If CDAD is suspected or confirmed, ongoing antibiotic use not directed against C. difficile may need to be discontinued. Appropriate fluid and electrolyte management, protein supplementation, antibiotic treatment of C. difficile, and surgical evaluation should be instituted as clinically indicated.
* Oxacillin should generally not be administered to patients with a history of sensitivity to any [[penicillin]]. Penicillin should be used with caution in individuals with histories of significant allergies and/or asthma.
* Prescribing Oxacillin Injection, USP in the absence of a proven or strongly suspected bacterial infection or a [[prophylactic]] indication is unlikely to provide benefit to the patient and increases the risk of the development of drug-resistant bacteria.
* Oxacillin has been linked to rare instances of clinically apparent, [[idiosyncratic]] liver injury, but it more commonly causes transient elevations in serum [[aminotransferases]] without [[jaundice]].
* Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including Oxacillin Injection, USP should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold).
* When Oxacillin Injection, USP is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed.
* [[Diarrhea]] is a common problem caused by antibiotics which usually ends when the antibiotic is discontinued. Sometimes after starting treatment with antibiotics, patients can develop watery and bloody stools (with or without stomach cramps and fever) even as late as two or more months after having taken the last dose of the antibiotic. If this occurs, patients should contact their physician as soon as possible.
* Penicillins are excreted in human milk. Caution should be exercised when penicillins are administered to a nursing woman.

== '''What to do in case of emergency/overdose?''' ==

Symptoms of overdosage may include:
* The signs and symptoms of oxacillin overdosage are similar to side effects given above.

Management of overdosage:
* If signs or symptoms occur, discontinue use of the medication, treat symptomatically, and institute appropriate supportive measures.

== '''Can this medicine be used in pregnancy?''' ==

* There are, however, no adequate or well-controlled studies in pregnant women showing conclusively that harmful effects of these drugs on the fetus can be excluded.
* Human experience with the penicillins during pregnancy has not shown any positive evidence of adverse effects on the fetus.

=='''Can this medicine be used in children?'''==

* Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.
* Because of incompletely developed renal function in pediatric patients, oxacillin may not be completely excreted, with abnormally high blood levels resulting.
* Frequent blood levels are advisable in this group with dosage adjustments when necessary.
* All pediatric patients treated with penicillins should be monitored closely for clinical and laboratory evidence of toxic or adverse effects.

== '''What are the active and inactive ingredients in this medicine?''' ==

'''Active ingredient:'''
* OXACILLIN SODIUM

'''Inactive ingredients:'''
* DEXTROSE MONOHYDRATE
* TRISODIUM CITRATE DIHYDRATE
* HYDROCHLORIC ACID
* SODIUM HYDROXIDE
* WATER

== '''Who manufactures and distributes this medicine?''' ==

* [[Baxter Healthcare Corporation]]
* Deerfield, IL USA

== '''What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?''' ==

* Store at or below -20°C/-4°F.
* Handle frozen product containers with care.
* Product containers may be fragile in the frozen state.
{{penicillins}}
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{{Reflist}}
{{Cell wall disruptive antibiotics}}
[[Category:Penicillins]]
[[Category:Enantiopure drugs]]
[[Category:Isoxazoles]]

Oxacillin - Revision history

Prab at 12:43, 27 August 2023