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			==Nuclear_receptor==
			<gallery>
			File:PPARg_RXRa_3E00.png\|PPARγ-RXRα complex structure
			File:NR_ligands.png\|Nuclear receptor ligands
			File:Nuclear_Receptor_Structure.png\|Nuclear receptor structure
			File:PR_DBD_2C7A.png\|Progesterone receptor DNA-binding domain
			File:RORC_3L0L.png\|RORC structure
			File:Nuclear_receptor_action.png\|Nuclear receptor action
			File:Type_ii_nuclear_receptor_action.png\|Type II nuclear receptor action
			File:NR_mechanism.png\|Nuclear receptor mechanism
			File:Nr_alignment_tree.jpg\|Nuclear receptor alignment tree
			</gallery>

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'''Nuclear receptors''' are a class of proteins found within cells that are responsible for sensing [[steroid]] and [[thyroid]] hormones and certain other molecules. In response, these receptors work with other proteins to regulate the expression of specific genes, thereby controlling the development, homeostasis, and metabolism of the organism.

== Function ==

Nuclear receptors have the ability to directly bind to [[DNA]] and regulate the production of proteins encoded by specific genes. They are, therefore, classified as [[transcription factors]]. The regulation of gene expression by nuclear receptors generally involves the binding of the receptor to specific sequences of DNA, known as [[hormone response elements]]. Most of these receptors function as [[dimer]]s, either as homodimers or heterodimers.

== Classification ==

Nuclear receptors are classified into two main classes:

# '''Type I''' receptors dimerize with [[retinoid X receptor]] (RXR), bind to DNA in the absence of ligand, and are located in the nucleus.
# '''Type II''' receptors bind to DNA as monomers in the absence of ligand and are located in the cytosol. Upon ligand binding, they translocate into the nucleus.

== Examples ==

Some examples of nuclear receptors include:

* [[Estrogen receptor]]
* [[Androgen receptor]]
* [[Progesterone receptor]]
* [[Glucocorticoid receptor]]
* [[Mineralocorticoid receptor]]
* [[Thyroid hormone receptor]]
* [[Retinoic acid receptor]]
* [[Vitamin D receptor]]

== Clinical significance ==

Nuclear receptors play an essential role in human physiology, and hence, alterations in their function can lead to a wide array of pathologies, including [[cancer]], [[diabetes]], [[thyroid disease]], and certain [[genetic disorders]].

== See also ==

* [[Steroid hormone receptor]]
* [[Orphan receptor]]
* [[Transcription factor]]

[[Category:Proteins]]
[[Category:Transcription factors]]
[[Category:Cell biology]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]

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Nuclear receptor - Revision history

Prab: CSV import

Prab: CSV import