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			==Nuclear physics==
			<gallery>
			File:Paul_Nadar_-_Henri_Becquerel.jpg\|Henri Becquerel, discoverer of radioactivity
			File:Cloud_chambers_played_an_important_role_of_particle_detectors.jpg\|Cloud chambers played an important role in particle detectors
			</gallery>

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'''Nuclear Physics''' is a branch of [[physics]] that studies the constituents and interactions of [[atomic nuclei]]. The most commonly known applications of nuclear physics are [[nuclear power generation]] and [[nuclear weapons technology]], but the research has provided application in many fields, including those in [[nuclear medicine]] and [[magnetic resonance imaging]], [[ion implantation]] in materials engineering, and [[radiocarbon dating]] in geology and archaeology.

== History ==

The field of nuclear physics was born in the early 20th century. In 1896, [[Henri Becquerel]] discovered, while working on [[phosphorescent]] materials, that these substances emitted a new type of radiation, which was later called [[radioactivity]]. This discovery led to the studies of [[Marie Curie]] and [[Pierre Curie]], who isolated [[radium]] and [[polonium]] from uranium ore.

== Components of the Nucleus ==

The atomic nucleus is composed of [[protons]] and [[neutrons]], collectively known as [[nucleons]]. The number of protons determines the [[atomic number]] and the identity of the element, while the number of neutrons determines the [[isotope]] of the element.

== Nuclear Forces ==

The forces in the nucleus are a balance between the [[strong nuclear force]], which holds the nucleons together, and the [[electromagnetic force]], which wants to push the protons apart due to their like charges. The strong nuclear force is about 100 times stronger than the electromagnetic force, but it only acts at very short distances.

== Nuclear Reactions ==

Nuclear reactions deal with interactions between the nuclei of atoms. The most notable types of nuclear reactions are: [[nuclear fission]], where a nucleus splits into two or more smaller pieces, and [[nuclear fusion]], where two nuclei merge to form a single, heavier nucleus.

== Applications of Nuclear Physics ==

Nuclear physics has many applications, including in medicine, where it is used in both diagnostic and treatment capacities. In [[nuclear power plants]], nuclear fission of uranium or plutonium is used to generate electricity. Nuclear physics is also used in [[geology]] for radiometric dating.

== See Also ==

* [[Atomic Physics]]
* [[Quantum Mechanics]]
* [[Particle Physics]]

== References ==

<references />

[[Category:Physics]]
[[Category:Nuclear Physics]]
{{physics-stub}}

Nuclear physics - Revision history

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