Non-specific interstitial pneumonia - Revision history

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	{{Infobox medical condition ~~(new)~~		{{Infobox medical condition
	\| name = Non-specific interstitial pneumonia		\| name = Non-specific interstitial pneumonia
	\| synonyms = Non-specific interstitial pneumonitis		\| synonyms = Non-specific interstitial pneumonitis

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	\| name = Non-specific interstitial pneumonia		\| name = Non-specific interstitial pneumonia
	\| synonyms = Non-specific interstitial pneumonitis		\| synonyms = Non-specific interstitial pneumonitis
	~~\| image =~~
	~~\| alt =~~
	~~\| caption =~~
	~~\| pronounce =~~
	\| field = pulmonology		\| field = pulmonology
	\| symptoms = [[Cough]], [[dyspnea\|difficulty breathing]], [[fatigue (medical)\|fatigue]]		\| symptoms = [[Cough]], [[dyspnea\|difficulty breathing]], [[fatigue (medical)\|fatigue]]
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	\| deaths = Can result in respiratory failure if untreated		\| deaths = Can result in respiratory failure if untreated
	}}		}}

	'''Non-specific interstitial pneumonia''' (NSIP) is a form of [[idiopathic interstitial pneumonia]] characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the lung interstitium.		'''Non-specific interstitial pneumonia''' (NSIP) is a form of [[idiopathic interstitial pneumonia]] characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the lung interstitium.

	==Symptoms==		==Symptoms==
	The main symptoms of NSIP include:		The main symptoms of NSIP include:
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	* [[Dyspnea\|Difficulty breathing]]		* [[Dyspnea\|Difficulty breathing]]
	* [[Fatigue (medical)\|Fatigue]]		* [[Fatigue (medical)\|Fatigue]]

	These symptoms typically develop gradually and worsen over time.		These symptoms typically develop gradually and worsen over time.

	==Causes==		==Causes==
	While the exact cause of NSIP is not well understood, it has been suggested that the condition may have an autoimmune basis. It has been identified as a potential complication of [[undifferentiated connective tissue disease]], though more research is needed to fully understand the mechanism. NSIP may also be associated with other lung diseases such as [[COPD]] and [[emphysema]], as well as other autoimmune disorders.		While the exact cause of NSIP is not well understood, it has been suggested that the condition may have an autoimmune basis. It has been identified as a potential complication of [[undifferentiated connective tissue disease]], though more research is needed to fully understand the mechanism. NSIP may also be associated with other lung diseases such as [[COPD]] and [[emphysema]], as well as other autoimmune disorders.

Prab at 22:29, 2 April 2025

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Prab at 13:00, 18 March 2025

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{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Non-specific interstitial pneumonia
| synonyms = Non-specific interstitial pneumonitis
| image =
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| pronounce =
| field = pulmonology
| symptoms =
| complications =
| onset =
| duration =
| types =
| causes =
| risks =
| diagnosis =
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}}
'''Non-specific interstitial pneumonia''' (NSIP) is a form of [[idiopathic interstitial pneumonia]].

==Symptoms==

Symptoms include [[cough]], [[dyspnea|difficulty breathing]], and [[fatigue (medical)|fatigue]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cottin|first1=V|last2=Donsbeck|first2=AV|last3=Revel|first3=D|last4=Loire|first4=R|last5=Cordier|first5=JF|title=Nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Individualization of a clinicopathologic entity in a series of 12 patients.|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|date=October 1998|volume=158|issue=4|pages=1286–93|doi=10.1164/ajrccm.158.4.9802119|pmid=9769293}}</ref>

==Causes==

It has been suggested that idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia has an autoimmune mechanism, and is a possible complication of [[undifferentiated connective tissue disease]]<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Kinder|first1=Brent W.|last2=Collard|first2=Harold R.|last3=Koth|first3=Laura|last4=Daikh|first4=David I.|last5=Wolters|first5=Paul J.|last6=Elicker|first6=Brett|last7=Jones|first7=Kirk D.|last8=King|first8=Talmadge E.|title=Idiopathic Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|date=October 2007|volume=176|issue=7|pages=691–697|doi=10.1164/rccm.200702-220OC|pmid=17556720|pmc=1994238}}</ref>, however not enough research has been done at this time to find a cause. Patients with NSIP will often have other unrelated lung diseases like COPD or emphysema, along with other auto-immune disorders.

==Diagnosis==
A full clinical diagnosis can only be made from a lung biopsy of the tissue, fully best performed by a VATS, done by a cardio-thoracic surgeon. Some pulmonologists may first attempt a bronchoscopy, however this frequently fails to give a full or correct diagnosis.

Lung biopsies performed on patients with NSIP reveal two different disease patterns - cellular and fibrosing - which are associated with different prognoses. The cellular pattern displays chronic inflammation with minimal fibrosis. The fibrosing pattern displays interstitial fibrosis with various inflammation levels. Both patterns are uniform and lack the prominent fibroblastic foci that are found in other types of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Travis|first1=William D.|last2=Hunninghake|first2=Gary|last3=King|first3=Talmadge E.|last4=Lynch|first4=David A.|last5=Colby|first5=Thomas V.|last6=Galvin|first6=Jeffrey R.|last7=Brown|first7=Kevin K.|last8=Chung|first8=Man Pyo|last9=Cordier|first9=Jean-François|last10=du Bois|first10=Roland M.|last11=Flaherty|first11=Kevin R.|last12=Franks|first12=Teri J.|last13=Hansell|first13=David M.|last14=Hartman|first14=Thomas E.|last15=Kazerooni|first15=Ella A.|last16=Kim|first16=Dong Soon|last17=Kitaichi|first17=Masanori|last18=Koyama|first18=Takashi|last19=Martinez|first19=Fernando J.|last20=Nagai|first20=Sonoko|last21=Midthun|first21=David E.|last22=Müller|first22=Nestor L.|last23=Nicholson|first23=Andrew G.|last24=Raghu|first24=Ganesh|last25=Selman|first25=Moisés|last26=Wells|first26=Athol|title=Idiopathic Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|date=15 June 2008|volume=177|issue=12|pages=1338–1347|doi=10.1164/rccm.200611-1685OC|pmid=18388353}}</ref>

== Treatment ==
Commonly used drugs include prednisone, imuran, and cellcept. For active cases of pneumonia for these patients, Levaquin is a commonly used antibiotic. Almost all patients with NSIP will be on oxygen.

==Prognosis==

The fibrosing pattern of NSIP has a five year survival rate of 86% to 92%, while the cellular pattern of NSIP has a 100% five year survival rate. Patients with NSIP(whether cellular or fibrosing), have a better prognosis than those with [[usual interstitial pneumonia]] (UIP).<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Travis|first1=William D.|last2=Matsui|first2=Kazuhiro|last3=Moss|first3=Joel|last4=Ferrans|first4=Victor J.|title=Idiopathic Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia: Prognostic Significance of Cellular and Fibrosing Patterns|journal=The American Journal of Surgical Pathology|date=January 2000|volume=24|issue=1|pages=19–33|doi=10.1097/00000478-200001000-00003|pmid=10632484}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
== External links ==
{{Medical resources
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| eMedicineSubj = article
| eMedicineTopic = 2078612
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{{Respiratory pathology}}

[[Category:Pneumonia]]

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