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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>== Nocebo ==<br />
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[[File:Nocebo WikiWorld.png|thumb|500px|Nocebo_WikiWorld]]<br />
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'''Nocebo''' is a term used in [[medicine]] and [[psychology]] to describe a negative [[psychosomatic]] phenomenon where negative expectations of the patient regarding a treatment cause the treatment to have a more negative effect than it otherwise would have. This is the opposite of the [[placebo]] effect, where positive expectations improve an outcome.<br />
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==Etymology==<br />
The term "nocebo" (Latin for "I will harm") was coined by [[Walter Kennedy]] in 1961 to denote the negative counterpart of the beneficial [[placebo]] effect (Latin for "I will please").<br />
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==Mechanism==<br />
The nocebo effect is a complex phenomenon that involves [[psychological]] and [[neurobiological]] mechanisms. It is thought to be mediated by [[negative expectations]], [[anxiety]], and a process called [[classical conditioning]]. The nocebo effect can be triggered by verbal suggestions of negative outcomes, observation of others experiencing negative outcomes, or negative past experiences.<br />
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==Clinical implications==<br />
The nocebo effect has important implications in clinical practice. It can lead to the amplification of side effects, treatment non-adherence, and negative treatment outcomes. Therefore, healthcare providers should be aware of the nocebo effect and try to minimize its impact.<br />
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==Research==<br />
Research on the nocebo effect has been conducted in various fields, including [[pain]], [[neurology]], [[oncology]], and [[pharmacology]]. These studies have contributed to our understanding of the nocebo effect and its underlying mechanisms.<br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[Placebo]]<br />
* [[Psychosomatic medicine]]<br />
* [[Medical ethics]]<br />
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==References==<br />
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[[Category:Medical terminology]]<br />
[[Category:Psychological phenomena]]<br />
[[Category:Placebo]]<br />
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