Nitroxoline - Revision history

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	[[Category:Antibiotics]]		[[Category:Antibiotics]]
	[[Category:Quinolines]]		[[Category:Quinolines]]
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			File:Nitroxolin.svg\|Nitroxoline
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	~~'''~~Nitroxoline''' is an [[antibiotic]] that is primarily used in the treatment of [[urinary tract infections]] (UTIs). It is a hydroxyquinoline derivative, and it works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria in the urinary tract.		{{Short description\|An article about the antibiotic Nitroxoline}}
			{{Drugbox
			\| verifiedrevid = 477241679
			\| image = Nitroxolin.svg
			\| image2 = <!-- Another image if available -->
			}}

	~~== Mechanism~~ of ~~Action ==~~		'''Nitroxoline''' is an [[antibiotic]] used primarily in the treatment of [[urinary tract infections]] (UTIs). It is a synthetic compound belonging to the class of [[8-hydroxyquinoline]] derivatives. Nitroxoline is known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, particularly against [[Gram-positive bacteria\|Gram-positive]] and [[Gram-negative bacteria]].

	Nitroxoline ~~works~~ by ~~inhibiting~~ the [[DNA synthesis]] ~~of bacteria, thereby preventing their growth~~ and ~~multiplication~~. It is particularly effective against ~~[[Gram-negative bacteria]], including~~ [[Escherichia coli]], ~~[[Proteus]], [[Klebsiella]], and [[Enterobacter]] species. It also has activity against some [[Gram-positive bacteria]], such as [[Staphylococcus]] and [[Streptococcus]] species~~.		==Mechanism of Action==
			Nitroxoline exerts its antibacterial effects by chelating metal ions that are essential for bacterial growth and metabolism. This chelation disrupts the function of bacterial enzymes, leading to inhibition of [[DNA synthesis]] and ultimately bacterial cell death. The drug is particularly effective against [[Escherichia coli]], a common causative agent of UTIs.

	== ~~Indications~~ ==		==Pharmacokinetics==
			After oral administration, nitroxoline is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in the urine, where it achieves high concentrations, making it particularly effective for treating urinary tract infections. The drug's half-life allows for dosing multiple times a day to maintain therapeutic levels.

	Nitroxoline is indicated for the treatment of ~~acute, recurrent, and chronic~~ urinary tract infections~~, including [[cystitis]], [[pyelonephritis]], [[urethritis]], and [[prostatitis]]~~. It ~~may~~ also be used for ~~the prevention of UTIs~~ in patients undergoing urological ~~surgery or diagnostic~~ procedures.		==Clinical Uses==
			Nitroxoline is primarily indicated for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. It is also used in some cases for prophylaxis in patients undergoing urological procedures. Its use is limited in some regions due to the availability of newer antibiotics with broader spectra of activity.

	== Side Effects ==		==Side Effects==
			Common side effects of nitroxoline include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea and vomiting. Some patients may experience allergic reactions, including skin rashes. Rarely, nitroxoline can cause [[peripheral neuropathy]] or [[optic neuritis]], particularly with prolonged use.

	~~The most common side effects of nitroxoline include [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[abdominal pain]], and [[diarrhea]]~~. ~~Less common side effects may include [[rash]], [[pruritus]]~~, and ~~[[photosensitivity]]. Rarely, nitroxoline may cause [[neuropathy]] or [[hepatotoxicity]]~~.		==Contraindications==
			Nitroxoline is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to 8-hydroxyquinolines. It should be used with caution in patients with severe liver or kidney impairment, as these conditions can affect the drug's metabolism and excretion.

	== ~~Contraindications~~ ==		==Related pages==
			* [[Antibiotic]]
	Nitroxoline is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to nitroxoline or other hydroxyquinolines. It is also contraindicated in patients with severe [[renal impairment]] or [[liver disease]].		* [[Urinary tract infection]]
			* [[Escherichia coli]]
	~~== Drug Interactions ==~~		* [[8-hydroxyquinoline]]

	Nitroxoline may interact with other antibiotics, increasing the risk of side effects or decreasing their effectiveness. It may also interact with [[antacids]] and [[iron supplements]], which can decrease the absorption of nitroxoline.

	~~== Dosage and Administration ==~~

	~~The usual dosage of nitroxoline for adults is 100 mg taken orally three times a day. The dosage may be adjusted based on the severity of the infection and the patient's renal function.~~

	~~== See Also ==~~

	* [[~~Antibiotics~~]]
	* [[Urinary tract ~~infections]]~~
	* [[Bacteria]]
	* [[DNA synthesis]]
	* [[~~Gram-negative bacteria~~]]
	* [[~~Gram~~-~~positive bacteria]]~~
	* [[Cystitis]]
	* [[Pyelonephritis]]
	* [[Urethritis]]
	* [[Prostatitis]]
	* [[Nausea]]
	* [[Vomiting]]
	* [[Abdominal pain]]
	* [[Diarrhea]]
	* [[Rash]]
	* [[Pruritus]]
	* [[Photosensitivity]]
	* [[Neuropathy]]
	* [[Hepatotoxicity]]
	* [[Renal impairment]]
	* [[Liver disease]]
	* [[Antacids]]
	* [[Iron supplements]]

	[[Category:Antibiotics]]		[[Category:Antibiotics]]
	[[Category:~~Urinary tract infections~~]]		[[Category:Quinolines]]
	~~[[Category:Medications]]~~

	~~{{stub}}~~

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New page

'''Nitroxoline''' is an [[antibiotic]] that is primarily used in the treatment of [[urinary tract infections]] (UTIs). It is a hydroxyquinoline derivative, and it works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria in the urinary tract.

== Mechanism of Action ==

Nitroxoline works by inhibiting the [[DNA synthesis]] of bacteria, thereby preventing their growth and multiplication. It is particularly effective against [[Gram-negative bacteria]], including [[Escherichia coli]], [[Proteus]], [[Klebsiella]], and [[Enterobacter]] species. It also has activity against some [[Gram-positive bacteria]], such as [[Staphylococcus]] and [[Streptococcus]] species.

== Indications ==

Nitroxoline is indicated for the treatment of acute, recurrent, and chronic urinary tract infections, including [[cystitis]], [[pyelonephritis]], [[urethritis]], and [[prostatitis]]. It may also be used for the prevention of UTIs in patients undergoing urological surgery or diagnostic procedures.

== Side Effects ==

The most common side effects of nitroxoline include [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[abdominal pain]], and [[diarrhea]]. Less common side effects may include [[rash]], [[pruritus]], and [[photosensitivity]]. Rarely, nitroxoline may cause [[neuropathy]] or [[hepatotoxicity]].

== Contraindications ==

Nitroxoline is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to nitroxoline or other hydroxyquinolines. It is also contraindicated in patients with severe [[renal impairment]] or [[liver disease]].

== Drug Interactions ==

Nitroxoline may interact with other antibiotics, increasing the risk of side effects or decreasing their effectiveness. It may also interact with [[antacids]] and [[iron supplements]], which can decrease the absorption of nitroxoline.

== Dosage and Administration ==

The usual dosage of nitroxoline for adults is 100 mg taken orally three times a day. The dosage may be adjusted based on the severity of the infection and the patient's renal function.

== See Also ==

* [[Antibiotics]]
* [[Urinary tract infections]]
* [[Bacteria]]
* [[DNA synthesis]]
* [[Gram-negative bacteria]]
* [[Gram-positive bacteria]]
* [[Cystitis]]
* [[Pyelonephritis]]
* [[Urethritis]]
* [[Prostatitis]]
* [[Nausea]]
* [[Vomiting]]
* [[Abdominal pain]]
* [[Diarrhea]]
* [[Rash]]
* [[Pruritus]]
* [[Photosensitivity]]
* [[Neuropathy]]
* [[Hepatotoxicity]]
* [[Renal impairment]]
* [[Liver disease]]
* [[Antacids]]
* [[Iron supplements]]

[[Category:Antibiotics]]
[[Category:Urinary tract infections]]
[[Category:Medications]]

{{stub}}