Prab at 01:45, 20 September 2023

2023-09-20T01:45:07Z

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[[File:Nitazoxanide.svg|thumb|Nitazoxanide]]
'''Nitazoxanide''' is a versatile medication recognized for its broad-spectrum antiparasitic and antiviral properties. It is employed in the medical realm for addressing a myriad of helminthic, protozoal, and viral infections.

Clinically, it has been proven effective against infections triggered by ''[[Cryptosporidium parvum]]'' and ''[[Giardia lamblia]]'' in immunocompetent individuals. Beyond its traditional uses, nitazoxanide has been repurposed to combat influenza. Furthermore, it has showcased in vitro antiparasitic efficacy and is a potent remedy for other protozoa and helminth-induced infections. Preliminary evidence also indicates its therapeutic potential against various viral diseases.

From a chemical perspective, nitazoxanide stands as the flagship member of the thiazolides group. This class consists of synthetic nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide derivatives boasting both antiparasitic and antiviral capabilities. Tizoxanide, the active metabolite of nitazoxanide in humans, is also a commendable antiparasitic agent within the thiazolide category.

==Uses==

'''Parasitic Infections''':

* Effective against ''Blastocystis'' species.
* Approved for treating ''Cryptosporidium parvum'' and ''Giardia lamblia'' infections in immunocompetent individuals, both adults, and children.
* Demonstrated efficacy against other protozoa and helminth infections, such as those caused by ''Entamoeba histolytica'', ''Hymenolepis nana'', ''Ascaris lumbricoides'', and ''Cyclospora cayetanensis''.

'''Viral Infections''':

* As of 2015, nitazoxanide was undergoing phase 3 clinical trials for treating influenza, given its inhibitory prowess against diverse influenza virus subtypes, including those resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors.
* Nitazoxanide is under investigation for potential treatments of chronic hepatitis B and C, as well as rotavirus and norovirus gastroenteritis.
==Disease-Specific Research==

* '''[[Chronic hepatitis B]]''': Nitazoxanide displayed promising results in initial evaluations, with a notable reduction in serum HBV DNA levels. Moreover, it hinted at a higher HBsAg loss rate compared to existing chronic hepatitis B therapies. A phase II study was projected for 2009.
*
* '''[[Chronic hepatitis C]]''': Initial focus was steered towards chronic hepatitis C treatment. Phase II clinical trials reflected promising treatment efficacy. However, a 2014 meta-analysis called for higher-quality randomized trials to ascertain nitazoxanide's therapeutic role in chronic hepatitis C.
*
==Chemical Classification==

Nitazoxanide finds its roots in the thiazolides class, characterized by synthetic nitrothiazolyl-salicylamide derivatives. This classification underpins its antiparasitic and antiviral attributes. The human body metabolizes nitazoxanide to produce tizoxanide, which also belongs to the thiazolide group, carrying antiparasitic characteristics.

===Brand names===
Nitazoxanide is sold under the brand names Adonid, Alinia, Allpar, Annita, Celectan, Colufase, Daxon, Dexidex, Diatazox, Kidonax, Mitafar, Nanazoxid, Parazoxanide, Netazox, Niazid, Nitamax, Nitax, Nitaxide, Nitaz, Nizonide, {{nowrap|NT-TOX}}, Pacovanton, Paramix, Toza, and Zox.

==See Also==

* [[Antiparasitic medication]]
* [[Antiviral medication]]
* [[Thiazolides]]
* [[Cryptosporidium parvum]]
* [[Giardia lamblia]]
* [[Influenza]]
* [[Hepatitis B]]
* [[Hepatitis C]]
{{Agents against amoebiasis and other protozoal diseases}}
[[Category:Antiparasitic medications]]
[[Category:Antiviral medications]]
[[Category:Thiazolides]]
[[Category:Medical treatment]]
{{Excavata antiparasitics}}
[[Category:Acetate esters]]
[[Category:Antiparasitic agents]]
[[Category:Antivirals]]
[[Category:Nitrothiazoles]]
[[Category:Salicylamide ethers]]
{{pharma-stub}}

Nitazoxanide - Revision history

Prab at 01:45, 20 September 2023