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[[File:Basilica_Palladiana_(Vicenza)_-_facade_on_Piazza_dei_signori.jpg|Basilica Palladiana (Vicenza) - facade on Piazza dei signori|thumb]] [[File:Temple_de_l'Oratoire,_1855.jpg|Temple de l'Oratoire, 1855|thumb|left]] [[File:Pantheon_1,_Paris_May_11,_2013.jpg|Pantheon 1, Paris May 11, 2013|thumb]] [[File:University_of_Virginia_Rotunda_in_2006.jpg|University of Virginia Rotunda in 2006|thumb]] [[File:Akademie_von_Athen.jpg|Akademie von Athen|thumb]] '''Neoclassical architecture''' is an architectural style produced by the [[neoclassical movement]] that began in the mid-18th century, in a reaction to the [[Baroque]] and [[Rococo]] styles. Neoclassicism draws inspiration from the "classical" art and culture of [[Ancient Greece]] and [[Ancient Rome]]. It emerged as a response to the more elaborate and ostentatious designs of the preceding periods, emphasizing simplicity, symmetry, and an adherence to the classical orders. This style is characterized by grandeur of scale, simplicity of geometric forms, Greek or Roman detail, dramatic use of columns, and a preference for blank walls.

==Origins and Development==
The origins of neoclassical architecture can be traced back to the mid-18th century, with the archaeological discoveries of ancient Roman sites like [[Pompeii]] and [[Herculaneum]], which sparked a renewed interest in classical antiquity. The movement gained momentum in the latter half of the 18th century, particularly in [[France]], as architects began to incorporate ancient Greek and Roman elements into their designs. The publication of books such as "Antiquities of Athens" by James Stuart and Nicholas Revett played a significant role in spreading the ideals of the neoclassical movement throughout Europe.

==Characteristics==
Neoclassical architecture is defined by its classical form and structure, including symmetry, harmony, and proportion. Key characteristics include:
* Use of classical orders (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian) prominently in columns and facades.
* A preference for simple, geometric forms over the complex and ornate.
* Emphasis on horizontal and vertical lines, creating a sense of balance and stability.
* Frequent use of pediments, domes, and triangular gables.
* Incorporation of classical motifs, such as laurel wreaths, urns, and eagles.

==Notable Examples==
Some of the most iconic examples of neoclassical architecture include:
* The [[Pantheon]] in Paris, France, which exemplifies the use of classical columns and pediment.
* The [[United States Capitol]] in Washington, D.C., showcasing a grand dome and classical porticos.
* The [[British Museum]] in London, England, known for its majestic Ionic columns.
* The [[Hermitage Museum]] in Saint Petersburg, Russia, displaying the grandeur and elegance of neoclassical design.

==Influence and Legacy==
Neoclassical architecture has had a profound influence on the development of modern architecture. Its principles of symmetry, proportion, and the use of classical elements have been incorporated into various architectural styles that followed, including [[Beaux-Arts architecture]] and [[Modern architecture]]. The style also had a significant impact on interior design, furniture, and decorative arts.

==See Also==
* [[Classical architecture]]
* [[Renaissance architecture]]
* [[Baroque architecture]]
* [[Rococo]]

[[Category:Architectural styles]]
[[Category:Neoclassical architecture]]
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Neoclassical architecture - Revision history

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