Neanderthal - Revision history

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-'''Neanderthal''' is an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago. They most likely went extinct due to great climatic change, disease, or a combination of these factors. It is unclear if they were a separate species or a subspecies.
+{{short description|Extinct species of archaic humans}}
-== Characteristics ==
+[[File:Neanderthal_at_AMNH.jpg|thumb|right|Reconstruction of a Neanderthal at the American Museum of Natural History]]
-== Discovery ==
+'''Neanderthals''' (''Homo neanderthalensis'' or ''Homo sapiens neanderthalensis'') are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago. They are closely related to modern humans, sharing 99.7% of their DNA, and are known from fossil evidence and archaeological findings.
-== Extinction ==
+==Discovery and Naming==
-The exact cause of the extinction of the Neanderthals is not known, and a variety of reasons are given, including violence from Homo sapiens, competitive replacement, and extinction by interbreeding with early modern human populations.
+The first Neanderthal fossils were discovered in 1856 in the Neander Valley (''Neanderthal'' in German) near Düsseldorf, Germany. The species was named after this location. The initial discovery included a skullcap and other skeletal remains, which were initially thought to belong to a bear or a modern human with deformities.
-== See also ==
+[[File:Calotte_crânienne,_type_de_l'espèce_Homo_neanderthalensis,_vallée_de_Néander.jpg|thumb|left|Neanderthal skullcap from the Neander Valley]]
-* [[Human evolution]]
-* [[Homo sapiens]]
+==Anatomy and Physiology==
-* [[Homo neanderthalensis]]
+Neanderthals were robustly built with a large cranial capacity, often larger than that of modern humans. They had a prominent brow ridge, a large nose, and a receding chin. Their bodies were adapted to cold climates, with shorter limbs and a stocky build to conserve heat.
-== References ==
+[[File:Homo_erectus_tautavelensis.jpg|thumb|left|Homo erectus, a related species]]
-<references />
+[[File:Homo_heildebergensis._Museo_de_Prehistoria_de_Valencia.jpg|thumb|right|Homo heidelbergensis, another related species]]
-== External links ==
+==Related Pages==
-* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal Wikipedia Article on Neanderthal]
+* [[Homo sapiens]]
 [[Category:Prehistoric humans]]
 [[Category:Human evolution]]

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 {{dictionary-stub1}}
 == Neanderthal ==
 <gallery>
 File:Neanderthal_at_AMNH.jpg|Neanderthal

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← Older revision		Revision as of 12:01, 18 February 2025
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			== Neanderthal ==
			<gallery>
			File:Neanderthal_at_AMNH.jpg\|Neanderthal
			File:Neanderthal_excavation_site.JPG\|Neanderthal
			File:Calotte_crânienne,_type_de_l'espèce_Homo_neanderthalensis,_vallée_de_Néander.jpg\|Neanderthal
			File:Stammbaum_der_Primaten_Haeckel.jpg\|Neanderthal
			File:Homo_erectus_tautavelensis.jpg\|Neanderthal
			File:Homo_heildebergensis._Museo_de_Prehistoria_de_Valencia.jpg\|Neanderthal
			File:Homo_steinheimensis,_holotype.jpg\|Neanderthal
			File:Homo_sapiens_neanderthalensis.jpg\|Neanderthal
			File:Tabun_1_NMNH.jpg\|Neanderthal
			File:Weichsel-Würm-Glaciation.png\|Neanderthal
			File:Sapiens_neanderthal_comparison.jpg\|Neanderthal
			File:Neanderthal_cranial_anatomy.jpg\|Neanderthal
			</gallery>

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New page

'''Neanderthal''' is an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago. They most likely went extinct due to great climatic change, disease, or a combination of these factors. It is unclear if they were a separate species or a subspecies.

== Characteristics ==
Neanderthals had a robust build and distinctive morphological features, especially of the cranium, which gradually accumulated more derived aspects, particularly in certain isolated geographic regions. Evidence of their habitation has been found in Eurasia, from Western Europe to Central and Northern Asia. The Neanderthal genome project published papers in 2010 and 2014 stating that Neanderthals contributed to the DNA of modern humans, including most humans outside sub-Saharan Africa, as well as a few populations in sub-Saharan Africa, through interbreeding, likely between 50,000 and 60,000 years ago.

== Discovery ==
Neanderthals are named after the location of Neanderthal, a small valley in Germany, where the first specimen was found. The species was first scientifically described in 1856, four years after the first recognition of the first early human fossils.

== Extinction ==
The exact cause of the extinction of the Neanderthals is not known, and a variety of reasons are given, including violence from Homo sapiens, competitive replacement, and extinction by interbreeding with early modern human populations.

== See also ==
* [[Human evolution]]
* [[Homo sapiens]]
* [[Homo neanderthalensis]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal Wikipedia Article on Neanderthal]

[[Category:Prehistoric humans]]
[[Category:Extinct species]]
[[Category:Human evolution]]
{{stub}}
{{dictionary-stub1}}