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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>'''Molecular markers''' or '''DNA markers''' are fragments of [[DNA]] that are associated with a certain location within the [[genome]]. Molecular markers are used by molecular biologists, biochemists and geneticists to study the relationship between an [[allele]] and the phenotype of an organism. They can be used to identify a particular sequence of DNA in a pool of unknown DNA.<br />
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== Types of Molecular Markers ==<br />
There are several types of molecular markers, including:<br />
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* '''[[Restriction fragment length polymorphism|RFLP]]''' - This type of molecular marker is used to identify variations in DNA sequences. It involves the use of restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sites, and the resulting fragments are then separated by gel electrophoresis.<br />
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* '''[[Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA|RAPD]]''' - This is a type of PCR-based molecular marker that is used to amplify random segments of DNA.<br />
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* '''[[Amplified fragment length polymorphism|AFLP]]''' - This is another type of PCR-based molecular marker that is used to amplify specific segments of DNA.<br />
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* '''[[Simple sequence repeat|SSR]]''' - Also known as microsatellites, these are short, repetitive sequences of DNA that are used as molecular markers.<br />
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* '''[[Single nucleotide polymorphism|SNP]]''' - These are variations in a single nucleotide that occur at a specific position in the genome.<br />
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== Applications of Molecular Markers ==<br />
Molecular markers have a wide range of applications in various fields, including:<br />
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* '''[[Genetics]]''' - Molecular markers are used in genetic mapping and DNA fingerprinting.<br />
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* '''[[Plant breeding]]''' - They are used in the selection of desirable traits in plants.<br />
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* '''[[Medicine]]''' - Molecular markers are used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases.<br />
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* '''[[Forensic science]]''' - They are used in DNA profiling to identify individuals.<br />
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== See Also ==<br />
* [[Genetic marker]]<br />
* [[Genetic linkage]]<br />
* [[Genome mapping]]<br />
* [[Molecular genetics]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
<references /><br />
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[[Category:Genetics]]<br />
[[Category:Molecular biology]]<br />
[[Category:Biochemistry]]<br />
[[Category:Genetic mapping]]<br />
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