Microcephaly - Revision history

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2025-04-09T00:19:00Z

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	Microcephaly is a rare neurological condition in which a person's head is significantly smaller than expected based on standardized charts.		Microcephaly is a rare neurological condition in which a person's head is significantly smaller than expected based on standardized charts.
			[[File:MICROCEPHALY.png\|left\|thumb]]
	[[File:Microcephaly.png\|left\|thumb]]		[[File:Microcephaly.png\|left\|thumb]]
	<youtube>		<youtube>
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	Sometimes medications also are needed to treat [[seizures]] or other symptoms.		Sometimes medications also are needed to treat [[seizures]] or other symptoms.
	{{Congenital malformations and deformations of nervous system}}		{{Congenital malformations and deformations of nervous system}}
	{{~~Authority control~~}}		{{nt}}
	[[Category:Congenital disorders of nervous system]]		[[Category:Congenital disorders of nervous system]]
	[[Category:Disorders causing seizures]]		[[Category:Disorders causing seizures]]
	{{rarediseases}}		{{rarediseases}}
	{{stub}}		{{stub}}

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2025-04-08T04:32:30Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 04:32, 8 April 2025
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	== ~~'''Definition'''~~ ==		{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Microcephaly
			\| image = [[File:Microcephaly-comparison-500px.jpg\|250px]]
			\| caption = Comparison of a normal head and a head with microcephaly
			\| field = [[Neurology]]
			\| symptoms = [[Abnormally small head]], [[developmental delay]], [[intellectual disability]]
			\| complications = [[Seizures]], [[cerebral palsy]], [[hearing loss]], [[vision problems]]
			\| onset = [[Congenital]]
			\| duration = [[Lifelong]]
			\| causes = [[Genetic mutations]], [[infections during pregnancy]], [[malnutrition]], [[exposure to harmful substances]]
			\| risks = [[Zika virus]], [[rubella]], [[toxoplasmosis]], [[cytomegalovirus]]
			\| diagnosis = [[Prenatal ultrasound]], [[head circumference measurement]], [[genetic testing]]
			\| differential = [[Craniosynostosis]], [[holoprosencephaly]], [[lissencephaly]]
			\| treatment = [[Supportive care]], [[physical therapy]], [[occupational therapy]], [[speech therapy]]
			\| prognosis = [[Varies]], often associated with [[intellectual disability]] and [[developmental delays]]
			\| frequency = 2 to 12 per 10,000 live births
			}}
	Microcephaly is a rare neurological condition in which a person's head is significantly smaller than expected based on standardized charts.		Microcephaly is a rare neurological condition in which a person's head is significantly smaller than expected based on standardized charts.
	[[File:Microcephaly~~-comparison-500px.jpg\|thumb]]~~		[[File:Microcephaly.png\|left\|thumb]]
	~~[[File:MICROCEPHALY~~.png\|~~thumb]]~~
	~~[[File:Microcephaly.png~~\|thumb]]

	<youtube>		<youtube>
	title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''		title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
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	height=600		height=600
	</youtube>		</youtube>

	== '''Severe microcephaly ''' ==		== '''Severe microcephaly ''' ==
	* Severe microcephaly is a more serious, extreme form of this condition where a ~~baby’s~~ head is much smaller than expected.		* Severe microcephaly is a more serious, extreme form of this condition where a baby‚Äôs head is much smaller than expected.
	* Severe microcephaly can result because a ~~baby’s~~ brain has not developed properly during pregnancy, or the brain started to develop correctly and then was damaged at some point during pregnancy.		* Severe microcephaly can result because a baby‚Äôs brain has not developed properly during pregnancy, or the brain started to develop correctly and then was damaged at some point during pregnancy.

	== '''Epidemiology''' ==		== '''Epidemiology''' ==
	Microcephaly is not a common condition. Researchers estimate that about 1 in every 800-5,000 babies is born with microcephaly in the United States.		Microcephaly is not a common condition. Researchers estimate that about 1 in every 800-5,000 babies is born with microcephaly in the United States.

	== '''Causes and riskfactors''' ==		== '''Causes and riskfactors''' ==
	* The causes of microcephaly in most babies are unknown.		* The causes of microcephaly in most babies are unknown.
	* Some babies have microcephaly because of changes in their genes.		* Some babies have microcephaly because of changes in their genes.
	Other causes of microcephaly, including severe microcephaly, can include the following exposures during pregnancy:		Other causes of microcephaly, including severe microcephaly, can include the following exposures during pregnancy:
	* Certain infections during pregnancy, such as [[rubella]], [[toxoplasmosis]], or [[cytomegalovirus]]		* Certain infections during pregnancy, such as [[rubella]], [[toxoplasmosis]], or [[cytomegalovirus]]
	* Severe malnutrition, meaning a lack of nutrients or not getting enough food		* Severe malnutrition, meaning a lack of nutrients or not getting enough food
	* Exposure to harmful substances, such as alcohol, certain drugs, or toxic chemicals		* Exposure to harmful substances, such as alcohol, certain drugs, or toxic chemicals
	* Interruption of the blood supply to the ~~baby’s~~ brain during development		* Interruption of the blood supply to the baby‚Äôs brain during development
	* Some babies with microcephaly have been reported among mothers who were infected with [[Zika virus]] while pregnant.		* Some babies with microcephaly have been reported among mothers who were infected with [[Zika virus]] while pregnant.

	== '''Signs and symptoms''' ==		== '''Signs and symptoms''' ==
	Babies with microcephaly can have a range of other problems, depending on how severe their microcephaly is. Microcephaly has been linked with the following problems:		Babies with microcephaly can have a range of other problems, depending on how severe their microcephaly is. Microcephaly has been linked with the following problems:
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	* Vision problems		* Vision problems
	These problems can range from mild to severe and are often lifelong.		These problems can range from mild to severe and are often lifelong.
	Because the ~~baby’s~~ brain is small and underdeveloped, babies with severe microcephaly can have more of these problems, or have more difficulty with them, than babies with milder microcephaly.		Because the baby‚Äôs brain is small and underdeveloped, babies with severe microcephaly can have more of these problems, or have more difficulty with them, than babies with milder microcephaly.
	Severe microcephaly also can be life-threatening.		Severe microcephaly also can be life-threatening.
	Because it is difficult to predict at birth what problems a baby will have from microcephaly, babies with microcephaly often need close follow-up through regular check-ups with a healthcare provider to monitor their growth and development.		Because it is difficult to predict at birth what problems a baby will have from microcephaly, babies with microcephaly often need close follow-up through regular check-ups with a healthcare provider to monitor their growth and development.

	== '''Diagnosis''' ==		== '''Diagnosis''' ==
	Microcephaly can be diagnosed during pregnancy or after the baby is born.		Microcephaly can be diagnosed during pregnancy or after the baby is born.

	'''During Pregnancy'''		'''During Pregnancy'''
	During pregnancy, microcephaly can sometimes be diagnosed with an [[ultrasound]] test (which creates pictures of the body). To see microcephaly during pregnancy, the ultrasound test should be done late in the 2nd trimester or early in the third trimester.		During pregnancy, microcephaly can sometimes be diagnosed with an [[ultrasound]] test (which creates pictures of the body). To see microcephaly during pregnancy, the ultrasound test should be done late in the 2nd trimester or early in the third trimester.

	'''After the Baby is Born'''		'''After the Baby is Born'''
	* To diagnose microcephaly after birth, a healthcare provider will measure the distance around a newborn ~~baby’s~~ head, also called the head circumference, during a physical exam.		* To diagnose microcephaly after birth, a healthcare provider will measure the distance around a newborn baby‚Äôs head, also called the head circumference, during a physical exam.
	* The provider then compares this measurement to population standards by sex and age.		* The provider then compares this measurement to population standards by sex and age.
	* Microcephaly is defined as a head circumference measurement that is smaller than a certain value for babies of the same age and sex.		* Microcephaly is defined as a head circumference measurement that is smaller than a certain value for babies of the same age and sex.
	* This measurement value for microcephaly is usually more than 2 standard deviations (SDs) below the average.		* This measurement value for microcephaly is usually more than 2 standard deviations (SDs) below the average.
	* The measurement value also may be designated as less than the 3rd percentile.		* The measurement value also may be designated as less than the 3rd percentile.
	* This means the ~~baby’s~~ head is extremely small compared to babies of the same age and sex.		* This means the baby‚Äôs head is extremely small compared to babies of the same age and sex.

	== '''Treatment''' ==		== '''Treatment''' ==
	Microcephaly is a lifelong condition.		Microcephaly is a lifelong condition.
	There is no known cure or standard treatment for microcephaly.		There is no known cure or standard treatment for microcephaly.
	Because microcephaly can range from mild to severe, treatment options can range as well.		Because microcephaly can range from mild to severe, treatment options can range as well.
	Babies with mild microcephaly often ~~don’t~~ experience any other problems besides small head size.		Babies with mild microcephaly often don‚Äôt experience any other problems besides small head size.
	These babies will need routine check-ups to monitor their growth and development.		These babies will need routine check-ups to monitor their growth and development.
	Developmental services early in life will often help babies with microcephaly to improve and maximize their physical and intellectual abilities.		Developmental services early in life will often help babies with microcephaly to improve and maximize their physical and intellectual abilities.
	Sometimes medications also are needed to treat [[seizures]] or other symptoms.		Sometimes medications also are needed to treat [[seizures]] or other symptoms.

	{{Congenital malformations and deformations of nervous system}}		{{Congenital malformations and deformations of nervous system}}
	{{Authority control}}		{{Authority control}}

	[[Category:Congenital disorders of nervous system]]		[[Category:Congenital disorders of nervous system]]
	[[Category:Disorders causing seizures]]		[[Category:Disorders causing seizures]]
	{{rarediseases}}		{{rarediseases}}
	{{stub}}		{{stub}}

Deepika vegiraju at 12:54, 5 April 2021

2021-04-05T12:54:42Z

New page

== '''Definition''' ==
Microcephaly is a rare neurological condition in which a person's head is significantly smaller than expected based on standardized charts.
[[File:Microcephaly-comparison-500px.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:MICROCEPHALY.png|thumb]]
[[File:Microcephaly.png|thumb]]

<youtube>
title='''{{PAGENAME}}'''
movie_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/=0BNcpGRicYE
&rel=1
embed_source_url=http://www.youtube.com/v/=0BNcpGRicYE
&rel=1
wrap = yes
width=750
height=600
</youtube>

== '''Severe microcephaly ''' ==
* Severe microcephaly is a more serious, extreme form of this condition where a baby’s head is much smaller than expected.
* Severe microcephaly can result because a baby’s brain has not developed properly during pregnancy, or the brain started to develop correctly and then was damaged at some point during pregnancy.

== '''Epidemiology''' ==
Microcephaly is not a common condition. Researchers estimate that about 1 in every 800-5,000 babies is born with microcephaly in the United States.

== '''Causes and riskfactors''' ==
* The causes of microcephaly in most babies are unknown.
* Some babies have microcephaly because of changes in their genes.
Other causes of microcephaly, including severe microcephaly, can include the following exposures during pregnancy:
* Certain infections during pregnancy, such as [[rubella]], [[toxoplasmosis]], or [[cytomegalovirus]]
* Severe malnutrition, meaning a lack of nutrients or not getting enough food
* Exposure to harmful substances, such as alcohol, certain drugs, or toxic chemicals
* Interruption of the blood supply to the baby’s brain during development
* Some babies with microcephaly have been reported among mothers who were infected with [[Zika virus]] while pregnant.

== '''Signs and symptoms''' ==
Babies with microcephaly can have a range of other problems, depending on how severe their microcephaly is. Microcephaly has been linked with the following problems:
* Seizures
* Developmental delay, such as problems with speech or other developmental milestones (like sitting, standing, and walking)
* Intellectual disability (decreased ability to learn and function in daily life)
* Problems with movement and balance
* Feeding problems, such as difficulty swallowing
* Hearing loss
* Vision problems
These problems can range from mild to severe and are often lifelong.
Because the baby’s brain is small and underdeveloped, babies with severe microcephaly can have more of these problems, or have more difficulty with them, than babies with milder microcephaly.
Severe microcephaly also can be life-threatening.
Because it is difficult to predict at birth what problems a baby will have from microcephaly, babies with microcephaly often need close follow-up through regular check-ups with a healthcare provider to monitor their growth and development.

== '''Diagnosis''' ==
Microcephaly can be diagnosed during pregnancy or after the baby is born.

'''During Pregnancy'''
During pregnancy, microcephaly can sometimes be diagnosed with an [[ultrasound]] test (which creates pictures of the body). To see microcephaly during pregnancy, the ultrasound test should be done late in the 2nd trimester or early in the third trimester.

'''After the Baby is Born'''
* To diagnose microcephaly after birth, a healthcare provider will measure the distance around a newborn baby’s head, also called the head circumference, during a physical exam.
* The provider then compares this measurement to population standards by sex and age.
* Microcephaly is defined as a head circumference measurement that is smaller than a certain value for babies of the same age and sex.
* This measurement value for microcephaly is usually more than 2 standard deviations (SDs) below the average.
* The measurement value also may be designated as less than the 3rd percentile.
* This means the baby’s head is extremely small compared to babies of the same age and sex.

== '''Treatment''' ==
Microcephaly is a lifelong condition.
There is no known cure or standard treatment for microcephaly.
Because microcephaly can range from mild to severe, treatment options can range as well.
Babies with mild microcephaly often don’t experience any other problems besides small head size.
These babies will need routine check-ups to monitor their growth and development.
Developmental services early in life will often help babies with microcephaly to improve and maximize their physical and intellectual abilities.
Sometimes medications also are needed to treat [[seizures]] or other symptoms.

{{Congenital malformations and deformations of nervous system}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Congenital disorders of nervous system]]
[[Category:Disorders causing seizures]]
{{rarediseases}}
{{stub}}