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			== Metagenomics ==
			<gallery>
			File:Environmental_shotgun_sequencing.png\|Environmental shotgun sequencing
			File:Flow_diagram_of_a_typical_metagenome_projects.tiff\|Flow diagram of a typical metagenome projects
			File:WGS_metagenomics_analysis_steps.gif\|WGS metagenomics analysis steps
			File:Iron_hydroxide_precipitate_in_stream.jpg\|Iron hydroxide precipitate in stream
			</gallery>

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'''Metagenomics''' is the study of [[genetic material]] recovered directly from environmental samples. The broad field may also be referred to as [[environmental genomics]], [[ecogenomics]] or [[community genomics]].

== Introduction ==
While traditional [[microbiology]] and [[microbial genome sequencing]] and [[genomics]] rely upon cultivated clonal cultures, early environmental gene sequencing cloned specific genes (often the [[16S rRNA]] gene) to produce a profile of diversity in a natural sample. Such work revealed that the vast majority of microbial biodiversity had been missed by cultivation-based methods.

== History ==
[[Norman R. Pace]] first suggested the term "metagenomics" at the 1998 [[Nebraska Symposium on Microbial Ecology]]. The field of metagenomics experienced a rapid development since the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies.

== Techniques ==
Metagenomics involves the use of traditional [[microscopy]] (for direct ecological observations), [[biochemistry]] techniques (to isolate DNA and RNA from sample), [[PCR]] (to amplify the DNA), and [[DNA sequencing]] and [[bioinformatics]] (to analyze the results).

== Applications ==
Metagenomics has many practical applications. It is used in [[medicine]] to study the [[human microbiome]], the collective genomes of the microorganisms that reside in the human body. Metagenomics can also be used in [[agriculture]] to study the soil microbiome and its effects on crop productivity.

== Challenges ==
Despite its potential, metagenomics faces several challenges. These include the difficulty of assembling short reads into complete genomes, the computational challenge of handling large amounts of data, and the challenge of assigning function to unknown genes.

== See also ==
* [[Microbiome]]
* [[Genomics]]
* [[Microbiology]]
* [[Bioinformatics]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Genomics]]
[[Category:Microbiology]]
[[Category:Bioinformatics]]
[[Category:Environmental science]]
[[Category:Scientific techniques]]
[[Category:DNA sequencing]]

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Metagenomics - Revision history

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