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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[File:Nci-vol-8248-300_maxine_singer.jpg|thumb|Nci-vol-8248-300 maxine singer]] '''Maxine Singer''' (born February 15, 1931) is an American molecular biologist and science administrator. She is known for her contributions to the field of [[genetics]] and her advocacy for ethical scientific practices.<br />
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== Early Life and Education ==<br />
Maxine Singer was born in [[New York City]], New York. She attended [[Swarthmore College]], where she earned her bachelor's degree in [[chemistry]] in 1952. She then went on to receive her Ph.D. in [[biochemistry]] from [[Yale University]] in 1957.<br />
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== Career ==<br />
After completing her Ph.D., Singer joined the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) as a research biochemist. She worked in the [[Laboratory of Biochemistry]] at the [[National Cancer Institute]] (NCI), where she made significant contributions to the understanding of [[nucleic acids]].<br />
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=== Research Contributions ===<br />
Singer's research focused on the structure and function of [[DNA]] and [[RNA]]. She was instrumental in the discovery of [[repetitive DNA sequences]] and their role in the [[genome]]. Her work laid the foundation for the development of [[recombinant DNA technology]].<br />
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=== Ethical Advocacy ===<br />
In addition to her scientific research, Singer was a vocal advocate for ethical practices in [[biotechnology]]. She played a key role in organizing the [[Asilomar Conference on Recombinant DNA]] in 1975, which established guidelines for the safe use of recombinant DNA technology.<br />
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== Leadership Roles ==<br />
Singer served as the director of the [[National Institute of Child Health and Human Development]] (NICHD) from 1980 to 1988. She was also the president of the [[Carnegie Institution for Science]] from 1988 to 2002. During her tenure, she promoted interdisciplinary research and the advancement of women in science.<br />
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== Awards and Honors ==<br />
Maxine Singer has received numerous awards for her contributions to science, including the [[National Medal of Science]] in 1992 and the [[Public Welfare Medal]] from the [[National Academy of Sciences]] in 2007.<br />
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== Personal Life ==<br />
Singer is married and has three children. She continues to be active in the scientific community, serving on various advisory boards and committees.<br />
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== See Also ==<br />
* [[Molecular biology]]<br />
* [[Genetic engineering]]<br />
* [[Biotechnology]]<br />
* [[National Institutes of Health]]<br />
* [[Carnegie Institution for Science]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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== External Links ==<br />
{{Wikiquote|Maxine Singer}}<br />
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[[Category:1931 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:American biochemists]]<br />
[[Category:American women scientists]]<br />
[[Category:Swarthmore College alumni]]<br />
[[Category:Yale University alumni]]<br />
[[Category:National Institutes of Health people]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]<br />
[[Category:Recipients of the National Medal of Science]]<br />
[[Category:Carnegie Institution for Science people]]<br />
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