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'''Lufbery circle''' is a defensive aerial maneuver used in dogfighting, named after the French-American World War I pilot Raoul Lufbery. This tactic involves aircraft arranging themselves in a large horizontal circle in the air, allowing each plane to protect the tail of the aircraft ahead of it with its forward-facing armaments. The Lufbery circle is most effective against enemy aircraft attacking from the rear, as it presents a continuous moving target that is difficult to attack without entering the defensive ring of fire created by the circling aircraft.

==Origins==
The maneuver is named after [[Raoul Lufbery]], a prominent fighter pilot who served with the French Air Service and later the United States Army Air Service during World War I. Lufbery was part of the famous [[Lafayette Escadrille]], a squadron composed mainly of American volunteer pilots flying for France before the United States entered the war. The tactic was developed as a response to the increasing need for effective defensive formations against enemy fighter attacks.

==Tactical Considerations==
The Lufbery circle requires precise flying and coordination among the pilots to maintain the correct spacing and speed. If executed properly, it allows each pilot to cover the blind spots of the others, creating a defensive perimeter that is hard to penetrate. However, the maneuver has its drawbacks:
* It is relatively static, making the formation vulnerable to attacks from aircraft equipped with bombs or rockets.
* The circle can be disrupted by aggressive enemy tactics, such as diving attacks, which can scatter the formation.
* It limits the offensive capabilities of the aircraft in the circle, as they are primarily focused on maintaining the formation and covering each other.

==Modern Usage==
With the advent of more advanced aircraft and aerial combat tactics, the Lufbery circle has become less common. Modern air combat involves high speeds, three-dimensional maneuvering, and beyond-visual-range engagements, which have made traditional dogfighting and maneuvers like the Lufbery circle less relevant. However, the principles of mutual support and defensive coordination embodied by the Lufbery circle continue to influence modern aerial combat tactics and training.

==Legacy==
The Lufbery circle remains a notable example of early aerial combat tactics and the innovative approaches pilots took to protect themselves and their squadrons in the skies of World War I. It exemplifies the camaraderie and tactical ingenuity of early aviators, and Raoul Lufbery's contributions to aerial combat are still remembered and honored today.

[[Category:Aerial warfare tactics]]
[[Category:Aviation history]]
[[Category:Military tactics]]
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Lufbery circle - Revision history

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