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	[[Category:Free radicals]]		[[Category:Free radicals]]
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			== Lipid peroxidation ==
			<gallery>
			File:RadicalFrLinoeleic.svg\|Diagram of radical formation from linoleic acid
			File:Free_Radical_Toxicity.svg\|Illustration of free radical toxicity
			File:Sunflower_Seeds_Kaldari.jpg\|Photograph of sunflower seeds
			</gallery>

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'''Lipid peroxidation''' is a [[biochemical]] process that involves the oxidative degradation of [[lipids]]. It is a crucial mechanism in [[cell biology]] as it can lead to cell damage and is implicated in a variety of diseases.

== Overview ==
[[Lipid peroxidation]] is a process in which [[free radicals]] steal electrons from the lipids in cell membranes, resulting in cell damage. This process proceeds by a free radical chain reaction mechanism. It most often affects [[polyunsaturated fatty acids]], because they contain multiple double bonds, in between which lie methylene bridges (-CH2-) that possess especially reactive hydrogens.

== Mechanism ==
The process of lipid peroxidation begins with a [[hydrogen atom]] being taken away from a carbon atom in the lipid molecule by a reactive species, such as a free radical. This results in the formation of a [[fatty acid]] radical. If oxygen is present, it will interact with the fatty acid radical to form a peroxyl-fatty acid radical. The peroxyl-fatty acid radical can then react with a second fatty acid molecule to generate a different fatty acid radical and a lipid peroxide, or a cyclic peroxide if it had reacted with itself. This new fatty acid radical can then react with another molecule of oxygen creating a new peroxyl-fatty acid radical. This cycle continues, resulting in an amplification of the oxidative damage.

== Biological implications ==
Lipid peroxidation can lead to the formation of [[malondialdehyde]] (MDA), which is a reactive aldehyde and is one of the many reactive electrophile species that cause toxic stress in cells and forms covalent protein adducts referred to as advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALE), in addition to its role as a signaling molecule. Other aldehydes such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) are also produced. These aldehydes can form covalent adducts with many biological molecules, including proteins, lipids, and DNA.

== Role in disease ==
Lipid peroxidation has been implicated in a number of diseases and health conditions, including [[atherosclerosis]], [[Parkinson's disease]], [[Alzheimer's disease]], and [[cancer]]. It is also involved in aging and is thought to play a role in the development of complications in diabetes.

== Measurement ==
Several methods are available for measuring lipid peroxidation, including the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay, which measures the concentration of malondialdehyde, a product of lipid peroxidation.

== Prevention and treatment ==
Antioxidants, such as [[vitamin E]] and [[vitamin C]], can help prevent lipid peroxidation by neutralizing free radicals. In addition, certain dietary interventions and lifestyle changes, such as a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and regular exercise, can also help reduce the risk of lipid peroxidation.

[[Category:Biochemistry]]
[[Category:Cell biology]]
[[Category:Free radicals]]
{{Biochemistry-stub}}

Lipid peroxidation - Revision history

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