Learning disability - Revision history

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	{{Short description\|Overview of learning disabilities}}		{{Short description\|Overview of learning disabilities}}

	~~==Learning disability==~~
	[[File:Chrotoem.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Illustration depicting the concept of learning disabilities]]		[[File:Chrotoem.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Illustration depicting the concept of learning disabilities]]
	A '''learning disability''' is a neurological condition that affects a person's ability to acquire, process, and retain information. These disabilities can impact skills such as reading, writing, speaking, and mathematical reasoning. Learning disabilities are distinct from intellectual disabilities, as they do not affect overall intelligence.		A '''learning disability''' is a neurological condition that affects a person's ability to acquire, process, and retain information. These disabilities can impact skills such as reading, writing, speaking, and mathematical reasoning. Learning disabilities are distinct from intellectual disabilities, as they do not affect overall intelligence.

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			{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Learning disability
			\| image = [[File:Take_a_picture_with_a_proud_dyslexic.jpg\|250px]]
			\| caption = A person with [[dyslexia]], a common type of learning disability
			\| field = [[Psychiatry]], [[Neurology]], [[Pediatrics]]
			\| symptoms = Difficulty in [[reading]], [[writing]], [[math]], [[listening]], [[speaking]]
			\| onset = Childhood
			\| duration = Long-term
			\| causes = [[Genetic]], [[neurological]], [[environmental]]
			\| risks = [[Family history]], [[premature birth]], [[prenatal exposure]] to toxins
			\| diagnosis = [[Psychological testing]], [[educational assessment]]
			\| differential = [[Intellectual disability]], [[sensory impairments]], [[emotional disorders]]
			\| treatment = [[Special education]], [[speech therapy]], [[occupational therapy]]
			\| prognosis = Varies; many can lead successful lives with support
			\| frequency = 5-15% of the population
			}}
	{{Short description\|Overview of learning disabilities}}		{{Short description\|Overview of learning disabilities}}
	~~{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2023}}~~

	==Learning disability==		==Learning disability==
	[[File:Chrotoem.jpg\|thumb~~\|right~~\|Illustration depicting the concept of learning disabilities]]		[[File:Chrotoem.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Illustration depicting the concept of learning disabilities]]
	A '''learning disability''' is a neurological condition that affects a person's ability to acquire, process, and retain information. These disabilities can impact skills such as reading, writing, speaking, and mathematical reasoning. Learning disabilities are distinct from intellectual disabilities, as they do not affect overall intelligence.		A '''learning disability''' is a neurological condition that affects a person's ability to acquire, process, and retain information. These disabilities can impact skills such as reading, writing, speaking, and mathematical reasoning. Learning disabilities are distinct from intellectual disabilities, as they do not affect overall intelligence.

	==Types of learning disabilities==		==Types of learning disabilities==
	Learning disabilities can manifest in various forms, each affecting different aspects of learning. Some common types include:		Learning disabilities can manifest in various forms, each affecting different aspects of learning. Some common types include:

	* '''[[Dyslexia]]''': Affects reading and related language-based processing skills.		* '''[[Dyslexia]]''': Affects reading and related language-based processing skills.
	* '''[[Dyscalculia]]''': Impacts the ability to understand numbers and learn math facts.		* '''[[Dyscalculia]]''': Impacts the ability to understand numbers and learn math facts.
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	* '''[[Auditory processing disorder]]''': Impacts the ability to process auditory information.		* '''[[Auditory processing disorder]]''': Impacts the ability to process auditory information.
	* '''[[Visual processing disorder]]''': Affects the interpretation of visual information.		* '''[[Visual processing disorder]]''': Affects the interpretation of visual information.

	==Causes==		==Causes==
	The exact causes of learning disabilities are not fully understood, but they are believed to result from genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. Some potential causes include:		The exact causes of learning disabilities are not fully understood, but they are believed to result from genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. Some potential causes include:

	* [[Genetic factors]]: Learning disabilities can run in families, suggesting a hereditary component.		* [[Genetic factors]]: Learning disabilities can run in families, suggesting a hereditary component.
	* [[Neurological differences]]: Variations in brain structure and function can contribute to learning disabilities.		* [[Neurological differences]]: Variations in brain structure and function can contribute to learning disabilities.
	* [[Prenatal and perinatal factors]]: Complications during pregnancy or birth, such as low birth weight or lack of oxygen, may increase the risk.		* [[Prenatal and perinatal factors]]: Complications during pregnancy or birth, such as low birth weight or lack of oxygen, may increase the risk.
	* [[Environmental factors]]: Exposure to toxins, poor nutrition, or lack of stimulation during early childhood can also play a role.		* [[Environmental factors]]: Exposure to toxins, poor nutrition, or lack of stimulation during early childhood can also play a role.

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==
	Diagnosing a learning disability typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a team of professionals, including psychologists, educators, and speech-language pathologists. The assessment may include:		Diagnosing a learning disability typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a team of professionals, including psychologists, educators, and speech-language pathologists. The assessment may include:

	* [[Cognitive testing]]: To assess intellectual functioning and identify specific areas of difficulty.		* [[Cognitive testing]]: To assess intellectual functioning and identify specific areas of difficulty.
	* [[Academic achievement tests]]: To evaluate skills in reading, writing, and mathematics.		* [[Academic achievement tests]]: To evaluate skills in reading, writing, and mathematics.
	* [[Behavioral assessments]]: To observe how the individual interacts in different settings.		* [[Behavioral assessments]]: To observe how the individual interacts in different settings.

	==Management and support==		==Management and support==
	While learning disabilities are lifelong conditions, individuals can achieve success with appropriate support and interventions. Strategies may include:		While learning disabilities are lifelong conditions, individuals can achieve success with appropriate support and interventions. Strategies may include:

	* [[Individualized Education Program (IEP)]]: A customized plan developed for students in the United States to address their unique learning needs.		* [[Individualized Education Program (IEP)]]: A customized plan developed for students in the United States to address their unique learning needs.
	* [[Special education services]]: Tailored instruction and resources to support learning.		* [[Special education services]]: Tailored instruction and resources to support learning.
	* [[Assistive technology]]: Tools such as text-to-speech software or audiobooks to aid learning.		* [[Assistive technology]]: Tools such as text-to-speech software or audiobooks to aid learning.
	* [[Tutoring and remediation]]: Focused instruction to improve specific skills.		* [[Tutoring and remediation]]: Focused instruction to improve specific skills.

	==Impact on life==		==Impact on life==
	Learning disabilities can affect various aspects of life, including academic performance, self-esteem, and social interactions. Early identification and intervention are crucial to help individuals develop coping strategies and achieve their potential.		Learning disabilities can affect various aspects of life, including academic performance, self-esteem, and social interactions. Early identification and intervention are crucial to help individuals develop coping strategies and achieve their potential.
			==See also==
	==~~Related pages~~==
	* [[Special education]]		* [[Special education]]
	* [[Neurodiversity]]		* [[Neurodiversity]]
	* [[Educational psychology]]		* [[Educational psychology]]
	* [[Speech and language pathology]]		* [[Speech and language pathology]]

	[[Category:Learning disabilities]]		[[Category:Learning disabilities]]

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	~~'''Learning disability''' is a classification that includes several areas~~ of ~~functioning in which a person has difficulty~~ learning in a typical manner, usually caused by an unknown factor or factors. The unknown factor is the disorder that affects the brain's ability to receive and process information. This disorder can make it problematic for a person to learn as quickly or in the same way as someone who isn't affected by a learning disability.		{{Short description\|Overview of learning disabilities}}
			{{Use dmy dates\|date=October 2023}}

	== ~~Definition~~ ==		==Learning disability==
	A [[learning ~~disability~~]] is a neurological ~~disorder. In simple terms, a learning disability results from a difference in the way~~ a person's ~~brain is "wired~~.~~" Children with learning~~ disabilities ~~are~~ as ~~smart or smarter than their peers. But they may have difficulty~~ reading, writing, ~~spelling~~, reasoning, ~~recalling and/or organizing information if left to figure things out by themselves or if taught in conventional ways~~.		[[File:Chrotoem.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Illustration depicting the concept of learning disabilities]]
			A '''learning disability''' is a neurological condition that affects a person's ability to acquire, process, and retain information. These disabilities can impact skills such as reading, writing, speaking, and mathematical reasoning. Learning disabilities are distinct from intellectual disabilities, as they do not affect overall intelligence.

	== Types of ~~Learning Disabilities~~ ==		==Types of learning disabilities==
	~~There are several types~~ of learning ~~disabilities, including~~:		Learning disabilities can manifest in various forms, each affecting different aspects of learning. Some common types include:

	* [[Dyslexia]]: A language-based ~~disability in which a person has trouble understanding written words~~.		* '''[[Dyslexia]]''': Affects reading and related language-based processing skills.
	* [[Dyscalculia]]: ~~A mathematical disability in which a person has a difficult time solving arithmetic problems~~ and ~~grasping~~ math ~~concepts~~.		* '''[[Dyscalculia]]''': Impacts the ability to understand numbers and learn math facts.
	* [[Dysgraphia]]: ~~A writing disability in which a person finds it hard to form letters or write within a defined space~~.		* '''[[Dysgraphia]]''': Affects handwriting and fine motor skills.
	* [[Auditory ~~and Visual Processing Disorders~~]]: ~~Sensory disabilities in which a person has difficulty understanding language despite normal hearing and vision~~.		* '''[[Auditory processing disorder]]''': Impacts the ability to process auditory information.
	* [[~~Nonverbal Learning Disabilities~~]]: ~~A neurological disorder which originates in~~ the ~~right hemisphere~~ of ~~the brain, causing problems with~~ visual~~-spatial, intuitive, organizational, evaluative and holistic processing functions~~.		* '''[[Visual processing disorder]]''': Affects the interpretation of visual information.

	== Causes ==		==Causes==
	The exact causes of learning disabilities are not ~~entirely~~ understood, but they are believed to ~~arise~~ from ~~neurological differences in brain structure and function. They can be related to conditions such as~~ genetic ~~disorders~~, ~~prenatal exposure to drugs or alcohol~~, ~~premature birth, or certain types of injuries~~.		The exact causes of learning disabilities are not fully understood, but they are believed to result from genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. Some potential causes include:

	~~== Diagnosis ==~~		* [[Genetic factors]]: Learning disabilities can run in families, suggesting a hereditary component.
	~~Diagnosis of a~~ learning ~~disability can be difficult~~ and ~~involves a series~~ of ~~tests~~, ~~observations~~, ~~and background information. The process usually involves a team~~ of ~~professionals and includes~~ a ~~psychological evaluation as well as academic testing~~.		* [[Neurological differences]]: Variations in brain structure and function can contribute to learning disabilities.
			* [[Prenatal and perinatal factors]]: Complications during pregnancy or birth, such as low birth weight or lack of oxygen, may increase the risk.
			* [[Environmental factors]]: Exposure to toxins, poor nutrition, or lack of stimulation during early childhood can also play a role.

	== ~~Treatment~~ ==		==Diagnosis==
	~~There is no cure for~~ learning ~~disabilities. They are life-long. However, with appropriate support and intervention, people with learning disabilities can achieve success in school~~, ~~at work~~, ~~in relationships~~, and ~~in the community~~.		Diagnosing a learning disability typically involves a comprehensive evaluation by a team of professionals, including psychologists, educators, and speech-language pathologists. The assessment may include:

	== ~~See also~~ ==		* [[Cognitive testing]]: To assess intellectual functioning and identify specific areas of difficulty.
			* [[Academic achievement tests]]: To evaluate skills in reading, writing, and mathematics.
			* [[Behavioral assessments]]: To observe how the individual interacts in different settings.

			==Management and support==
			While learning disabilities are lifelong conditions, individuals can achieve success with appropriate support and interventions. Strategies may include:

			* [[Individualized Education Program (IEP)]]: A customized plan developed for students in the United States to address their unique learning needs.
			* [[Special education services]]: Tailored instruction and resources to support learning.
			* [[Assistive technology]]: Tools such as text-to-speech software or audiobooks to aid learning.
			* [[Tutoring and remediation]]: Focused instruction to improve specific skills.

			==Impact on life==
			Learning disabilities can affect various aspects of life, including academic performance, self-esteem, and social interactions. Early identification and intervention are crucial to help individuals develop coping strategies and achieve their potential.

			==Related pages==
	* [[Special education]]		* [[Special education]]
	* [[~~Individualized Education Program~~]]		* [[Neurodiversity]]
	* [[~~Learning theory (education)~~]]		* [[Educational psychology]]
			* [[Speech and language pathology]]

	[[Category:Learning disabilities]]		[[Category:Learning disabilities]]
	~~[[Category:Special education]]~~
	~~[[Category:Neurological disorders]]~~
	~~[[Category:Psychiatric diagnosis]]~~
	~~[[Category:Educational psychology]]~~
	~~[[Category:Disability]]~~

	~~{{stub}}~~

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'''Learning disability''' is a classification that includes several areas of functioning in which a person has difficulty learning in a typical manner, usually caused by an unknown factor or factors. The unknown factor is the disorder that affects the brain's ability to receive and process information. This disorder can make it problematic for a person to learn as quickly or in the same way as someone who isn't affected by a learning disability.

== Definition ==
A [[learning disability]] is a neurological disorder. In simple terms, a learning disability results from a difference in the way a person's brain is "wired." Children with learning disabilities are as smart or smarter than their peers. But they may have difficulty reading, writing, spelling, reasoning, recalling and/or organizing information if left to figure things out by themselves or if taught in conventional ways.

== Types of Learning Disabilities ==
There are several types of learning disabilities, including:

* [[Dyslexia]]: A language-based disability in which a person has trouble understanding written words.
* [[Dyscalculia]]: A mathematical disability in which a person has a difficult time solving arithmetic problems and grasping math concepts.
* [[Dysgraphia]]: A writing disability in which a person finds it hard to form letters or write within a defined space.
* [[Auditory and Visual Processing Disorders]]: Sensory disabilities in which a person has difficulty understanding language despite normal hearing and vision.
* [[Nonverbal Learning Disabilities]]: A neurological disorder which originates in the right hemisphere of the brain, causing problems with visual-spatial, intuitive, organizational, evaluative and holistic processing functions.

== Causes ==
The exact causes of learning disabilities are not entirely understood, but they are believed to arise from neurological differences in brain structure and function. They can be related to conditions such as genetic disorders, prenatal exposure to drugs or alcohol, premature birth, or certain types of injuries.

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosis of a learning disability can be difficult and involves a series of tests, observations, and background information. The process usually involves a team of professionals and includes a psychological evaluation as well as academic testing.

== Treatment ==
There is no cure for learning disabilities. They are life-long. However, with appropriate support and intervention, people with learning disabilities can achieve success in school, at work, in relationships, and in the community.

== See also ==
* [[Special education]]
* [[Individualized Education Program]]
* [[Learning theory (education)]]

[[Category:Learning disabilities]]
[[Category:Special education]]
[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Psychiatric diagnosis]]
[[Category:Educational psychology]]
[[Category:Disability]]

{{stub}}