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	~~'''Joseph Felsenstein''' ([[April 9]], [[1942]]) is an~~ American ~~[[evolutionary biology\|~~evolutionary biologist]] renowned for his work on [[phylogenetics]] and [[computational biology]]. He is a Professor Emeritus in the [[Department of Genome Sciences]] and the [[Department of Biology]] at the [[University of Washington]]. Felsenstein is best known for developing the [[Phylogenetic inference\|~~phylogenetic inference]] method known as the [[Felsenstein's tree-pruning algorithm~~\|~~Felsenstein tree-pruning algorithm]], or more commonly, the [[Felsenstein algorithm]], which is foundational in the field of [[computational phylogenetics]].~~		{{short description\|American evolutionary biologist}}
			{{Use American English\|date=October 2023}}
			{{Use mdy dates\|date=October 2023}}

	==~~Biography~~==		== Joseph Felsenstein ==
	Joseph Felsenstein ~~was born on April 9, 1942. He pursued~~ his ~~undergraduate studies at~~ the [[~~University of Wisconsin–Madison~~]]~~, earning a degree in~~ [[~~Zoology~~]] ~~in 1964~~. He ~~then went on~~ to ~~complete his Ph.D. in [[Genetics]] at~~ the [[~~University of Chicago~~]] in ~~1968, under~~ the ~~guidance~~ of [[~~James F. Crow~~]]~~. After completing his doctorate, Felsenstein held various academic positions before joining the faculty at the University of Washington, where he has spent the majority of his career~~.		[[File:Felsenstein.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Joseph Felsenstein]]
			Joseph Felsenstein is a prominent American evolutionary biologist known for his work in the field of [[phylogenetics]] and [[population genetics]]. He has made significant contributions to the development of statistical methods for analyzing [[evolutionary trees]] and has been influential in the use of [[computational biology]] to understand evolutionary processes.

	==~~Contributions to Science~~==		== Early Life and Education ==
	Felsenstein~~'s contributions to evolutionary biology and computational biology are vast~~. He ~~is perhaps most famous for solving a long-standing problem in phylogenetic inference related to~~ the ~~statistical inconsistency of earlier methods, such as those based on~~ [[~~parsimony~~]]~~. In 1981~~, he ~~introduced the Felsenstein algorithm, which allowed for the consideration~~ of the ~~evolutionary history~~ of ~~sequences without the biases introduced by the varying rates of evolution among lineages~~. ~~This method has been implemented~~ in the ~~widely used phylogenetic analysis software~~ [[~~PHYLIP~~]]~~, which Felsenstein developed~~.		Joseph Felsenstein was born on May 9, 1942, in [[New York City]]. He attended the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], where he received his Bachelor of Science degree in 1964. He then pursued graduate studies at the [[University of Chicago]], earning his Ph.D. in 1968 under the supervision of [[Richard Lewontin]].

	~~Beyond the~~ Felsenstein ~~algorithm, he has contributed to~~ the ~~development of methods for estimating~~ [[~~phylogenetic trees~~]] ~~from [[DNA sequence]] data~~, ~~including models that account for varying rates~~ of ~~evolution across sites ([[rate heterogeneity]])~~. His ~~work~~ has ~~also extended into areas~~ of [[~~population genetics~~]], [[~~coalescent theory~~]]~~, and the development of statistical methods for analyzing comparative data~~.		== Academic Career ==
			Felsenstein began his academic career at the [[University of Washington]], where he joined the faculty in 1969. He has been a professor in the Department of Genome Sciences and the Department of Biology. His research has focused on the development of statistical methods for [[phylogenetic inference]] and the study of [[genetic variation]] within populations.

	==~~Awards and Honors~~==		== Contributions to Phylogenetics ==
	~~Joseph~~ Felsenstein ~~has received numerous awards and honors~~ for his ~~contributions to science, including being elected a Fellow of the~~ [[~~American Academy of Arts and Sciences~~]] ~~in 1999~~ and ~~a member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]]~~ in ~~2003~~. He ~~has also been awarded~~ the [[~~Darwin-Wallace Medal~~]] by the ~~[[Linnean Society~~ of ~~London]] in 2015, recognizing his major advances in evolutionary biology~~.		Felsenstein is best known for his work on [[phylogenetic trees]], which are diagrams that represent the evolutionary relationships among various biological species based on similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics. He developed the [[Felsenstein's method]], a statistical approach for inferring phylogenies using maximum likelihood estimation. This method has become a standard tool in the field of phylogenetics.

	==~~Legacy~~==		== Population Genetics ==
	Felsenstein~~'s work~~ has ~~fundamentally changed~~ the ~~way biologists reconstruct~~ the ~~evolutionary history~~ of ~~species~~. His ~~development of~~ the Felsenstein algorithm and contributions to computational tools for phylogenetic analysis have enabled researchers to more accurately infer relationships among organisms. His influence extends beyond his own research contributions, as he has been a dedicated educator and ~~mentor~~ to ~~numerous students in~~ the ~~fields~~ of ~~evolutionary biology and computational biology~~.		In addition to his work on phylogenetics, Felsenstein has made important contributions to [[population genetics]]. He has studied the effects of [[genetic drift]], [[natural selection]], and [[mutation]] on the genetic structure of populations. His work has helped to elucidate the mechanisms by which genetic variation is maintained and how it contributes to the process of [[evolution]].

	==~~Selected Publications~~==		== Software Development ==
	* Felsenstein~~, J.~~ (~~1981~~)~~. "Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: A maximum likelihood approach." ''Journal~~ of ~~Molecular Evolution'', 17(6), 368-376.~~		Felsenstein is also known for developing [[PHYLIP]] (the PHYLogeny Inference Package), one of the first comprehensive software packages for inferring phylogenies. PHYLIP has been widely used by researchers in evolutionary biology and has played a crucial role in advancing the field of computational phylogenetics.
	* Felsenstein, J. (1985). ~~"Phylogenies~~ and the ~~comparative method." ''American Naturalist'', 125(1), 1-15.~~
	* Felsenstein, J. (2004). "Inferring Phylogenies." Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.

	==~~External Links~~==		== Awards and Honors ==
	* [~~http://evolution.gs.washington.edu/felsenstein.html Joseph Felsenstein's Homepage~~]		Throughout his career, Felsenstein has received numerous awards and honors for his contributions to evolutionary biology. He is a member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]] and has been recognized with the [[Darwin-Wallace Medal]] from the [[Linnean Society of London]].
	* [~~http://phylogeny.arizona.edu/tree/phylogeny.html PHYLIP~~ - ~~Phylogeny Inference Package~~]

	[[Category:American biologists]]		== Related Pages ==
	[[Category:~~Evolutionary biologists~~]]		* [[Phylogenetics]]
	[[Category:~~Computational biologists~~]]		* [[Population genetics]]
			* [[Evolutionary biology]]
			* [[Computational biology]]

			[[Category:American evolutionary biologists]]
			[[Category:1942 births]]
			[[Category:Living people]]
	[[Category:University of Washington faculty]]		[[Category:University of Washington faculty]]
	[[Category:~~1942 births~~]]		[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]
	~~{{Authority control}}~~
	~~{{DEFAULTSORT:Felsenstein, Joseph}}~~
	~~{{Biologist-stub}}~~

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'''Joseph Felsenstein''' ([[April 9]], [[1942]]) is an American [[evolutionary biology|evolutionary biologist]] renowned for his work on [[phylogenetics]] and [[computational biology]]. He is a Professor Emeritus in the [[Department of Genome Sciences]] and the [[Department of Biology]] at the [[University of Washington]]. Felsenstein is best known for developing the [[Phylogenetic inference|phylogenetic inference]] method known as the [[Felsenstein's tree-pruning algorithm|Felsenstein tree-pruning algorithm]], or more commonly, the [[Felsenstein algorithm]], which is foundational in the field of [[computational phylogenetics]].

==Biography==
Joseph Felsenstein was born on April 9, 1942. He pursued his undergraduate studies at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]], earning a degree in [[Zoology]] in 1964. He then went on to complete his Ph.D. in [[Genetics]] at the [[University of Chicago]] in 1968, under the guidance of [[James F. Crow]]. After completing his doctorate, Felsenstein held various academic positions before joining the faculty at the University of Washington, where he has spent the majority of his career.

==Contributions to Science==
Felsenstein's contributions to evolutionary biology and computational biology are vast. He is perhaps most famous for solving a long-standing problem in phylogenetic inference related to the statistical inconsistency of earlier methods, such as those based on [[parsimony]]. In 1981, he introduced the Felsenstein algorithm, which allowed for the consideration of the evolutionary history of sequences without the biases introduced by the varying rates of evolution among lineages. This method has been implemented in the widely used phylogenetic analysis software [[PHYLIP]], which Felsenstein developed.

Beyond the Felsenstein algorithm, he has contributed to the development of methods for estimating [[phylogenetic trees]] from [[DNA sequence]] data, including models that account for varying rates of evolution across sites ([[rate heterogeneity]]). His work has also extended into areas of [[population genetics]], [[coalescent theory]], and the development of statistical methods for analyzing comparative data.

==Awards and Honors==
Joseph Felsenstein has received numerous awards and honors for his contributions to science, including being elected a Fellow of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1999 and a member of the [[National Academy of Sciences]] in 2003. He has also been awarded the [[Darwin-Wallace Medal]] by the [[Linnean Society of London]] in 2015, recognizing his major advances in evolutionary biology.

==Legacy==
Felsenstein's work has fundamentally changed the way biologists reconstruct the evolutionary history of species. His development of the Felsenstein algorithm and contributions to computational tools for phylogenetic analysis have enabled researchers to more accurately infer relationships among organisms. His influence extends beyond his own research contributions, as he has been a dedicated educator and mentor to numerous students in the fields of evolutionary biology and computational biology.

==Selected Publications==
* Felsenstein, J. (1981). "Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: A maximum likelihood approach." ''Journal of Molecular Evolution'', 17(6), 368-376.
* Felsenstein, J. (1985). "Phylogenies and the comparative method." ''American Naturalist'', 125(1), 1-15.
* Felsenstein, J. (2004). "Inferring Phylogenies." Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.

==External Links==
* [http://evolution.gs.washington.edu/felsenstein.html Joseph Felsenstein's Homepage]
* [http://phylogeny.arizona.edu/tree/phylogeny.html PHYLIP - Phylogeny Inference Package]

[[Category:American biologists]]
[[Category:Evolutionary biologists]]
[[Category:Computational biologists]]
[[Category:University of Washington faculty]]
[[Category:1942 births]]
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Felsenstein, Joseph}}
{{Biologist-stub}}

Joseph Felsenstein - Revision history

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