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	~~'''~~Johnson Sea Link accident''' refers to a tragic incident that occurred on June 17, 1973, involving the [[submersible]] ''Johnson Sea Link''. The accident resulted in the death of two aquanauts and highlighted the risks associated with deep-sea exploration.		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Johnson Sea Link Accident}}

	==~~Background==~~		== Johnson Sea Link Accident ==
	~~The ''~~Johnson Sea Link'' was a submersible designed and built by [[Edwin A. Link]], a pioneer in aviation and underwater archaeology. The submersible was part of the [[Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution]]'s fleet and was used for scientific research and exploration.

	==The ~~Accident==~~		[[File:Johnson_Sealink.png\|thumb\|right\|The Johnson Sea Link submersible]]
	~~On June 17, 1973, the ''~~Johnson Sea Link~~'' was conducting a dive near [[Key West~~]], Florida, when it became entangled in the wreckage of the destroyer [[USS Fred T. Berry (DD-858)]]. The submersible was unable to surface, trapping the four crew members at a depth of approximately 360 feet.

	The ~~trapped crew members included pilot~~ [[~~Archibald Menzies~~]], co-~~pilot [[Robert Meek]], and aquanauts [[Edwin Clayton Link]]~~, ~~son of the submersible's designer~~, ~~and [[Albert Stover]]~~. ~~Despite rescue efforts, Link and Stover ran out~~ of ~~air~~ and ~~perished before they could be rescued. Menzies and Meek survived by breathing from an emergency air supply~~.		The '''Johnson Sea Link accident''' refers to a tragic incident involving the [[Johnson Sea Link]], a deep-sea submersible, which occurred on June 17, 1973. The accident resulted in the deaths of two crew members and highlighted the risks associated with deep-sea exploration.

	==~~Aftermath and Impact~~==		== Background ==
	The Johnson Sea Link accident led to significant changes in the design and operation of submersibles. It highlighted the need for improved safety measures, including better emergency air supplies and procedures for dealing with entanglement. The accident also led to increased scrutiny of the risks associated with deep-sea exploration.

	==~~See Also~~==		The [[Johnson Sea Link]] was a state-of-the-art submersible designed for deep-sea research. It was operated by the [[Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute]] and was known for its advanced capabilities, including a transparent acrylic sphere that allowed for panoramic views of the ocean depths.

			== The Accident ==

			On the day of the accident, the Johnson Sea Link was conducting a routine dive off the coast of [[Florida]]. During the dive, the submersible became entangled in the wreckage of the [[USS Fred T. Berry]], a decommissioned destroyer that had been sunk as an artificial reef.

			[[File:Johnson_Sealink.png\|thumb\|left\|The Johnson Sea Link submersible in operation]]

			The entanglement occurred at a depth of approximately 360 feet (110 meters), and the submersible was unable to free itself. Despite efforts to rescue the crew, the submersible's life support systems were eventually exhausted, leading to the deaths of pilot [[Edwin Clayton Link]] and aquanaut [[Albert Stover]]. Two other crew members, [[Roger Chapman]] and [[Roger Mallinson]], survived the ordeal.

			== Aftermath ==

			The accident prompted significant changes in the design and operation of submersibles. It led to improvements in safety protocols and the development of new technologies to prevent similar incidents in the future. The tragedy also underscored the importance of having robust rescue plans and equipment for deep-sea missions.

			== Legacy ==

			The Johnson Sea Link accident remains a pivotal moment in the history of oceanographic exploration. It serves as a reminder of the inherent dangers of deep-sea research and the need for continuous advancements in safety and technology.

			== Related Pages ==

			* [[Submersible]]
	* [[Deep-sea exploration]]		* [[Deep-sea exploration]]
	* [[~~Submersible accidents~~]]		* [[Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute]]
	* [[~~Edwin A~~. ~~Link]]~~		* [[USS Fred T. Berry]]

	~~==References==~~
	* ''The Johnson Sea Link Accident: Lessons for the Future'', by [[Michael G. Field]]
	* ''Deep Descent: Adventure and Death Diving the Andrea Doria'', by [[Kevin F. McMurray]]

	[[Category:Maritime incidents ~~in 1973~~]]		[[Category:Maritime accidents and incidents]]
	[[Category:~~Underwater diving fatalities~~]]		[[Category:1973 in the United States]]
	[[Category:~~Submersibles~~]]		[[Category:Oceanographic research]]
	~~{{Maritime-stub}}~~
	~~{{safety-stub}}~~

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'''Johnson Sea Link accident''' refers to a tragic incident that occurred on June 17, 1973, involving the [[submersible]] ''Johnson Sea Link''. The accident resulted in the death of two aquanauts and highlighted the risks associated with deep-sea exploration.

==Background==
The ''Johnson Sea Link'' was a submersible designed and built by [[Edwin A. Link]], a pioneer in aviation and underwater archaeology. The submersible was part of the [[Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution]]'s fleet and was used for scientific research and exploration.

==The Accident==
On June 17, 1973, the ''Johnson Sea Link'' was conducting a dive near [[Key West]], Florida, when it became entangled in the wreckage of the destroyer [[USS Fred T. Berry (DD-858)]]. The submersible was unable to surface, trapping the four crew members at a depth of approximately 360 feet.

The trapped crew members included pilot [[Archibald Menzies]], co-pilot [[Robert Meek]], and aquanauts [[Edwin Clayton Link]], son of the submersible's designer, and [[Albert Stover]]. Despite rescue efforts, Link and Stover ran out of air and perished before they could be rescued. Menzies and Meek survived by breathing from an emergency air supply.

==Aftermath and Impact==
The Johnson Sea Link accident led to significant changes in the design and operation of submersibles. It highlighted the need for improved safety measures, including better emergency air supplies and procedures for dealing with entanglement. The accident also led to increased scrutiny of the risks associated with deep-sea exploration.

==See Also==
* [[Deep-sea exploration]]
* [[Submersible accidents]]
* [[Edwin A. Link]]

==References==
* ''The Johnson Sea Link Accident: Lessons for the Future'', by [[Michael G. Field]]
* ''Deep Descent: Adventure and Death Diving the Andrea Doria'', by [[Kevin F. McMurray]]

[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1973]]
[[Category:Underwater diving fatalities]]
[[Category:Submersibles]]
{{Maritime-stub}}
{{safety-stub}}

Johnson Sea Link accident - Revision history

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