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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[File:John_William_Draper.jpg|thumb|John William Draper]] '''John William Draper''' (May 5, 1811 – January 4, 1882) was an [[English-American]] scientist, philosopher, physician, chemist, historian, and photographer. He is known for his pioneering work in [[photography]], his contributions to the field of [[chemistry]], and his historical writings.<br />
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== Early Life and Education ==<br />
John William Draper was born in [[St. Helens, Merseyside|St. Helens]], [[Lancashire]], [[England]]. He was the son of John Christopher Draper, a Wesleyan clergyman, and Sarah Ripley. Draper received his early education at the local grammar school and later attended [[Woodhouse Grove School]].<br />
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In 1832, Draper emigrated to the [[United States]] with his family. He enrolled at the [[University of Pennsylvania]] where he earned his [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D.]] degree in 1836.<br />
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== Scientific Contributions ==<br />
=== Photography ===<br />
Draper made significant contributions to the field of [[photography]]. He is credited with producing the first clear photograph of a female face in 1840. Draper also took one of the earliest photographs of the [[Moon]].<br />
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=== Chemistry ===<br />
Draper conducted extensive research in [[chemistry]], particularly in the area of [[photochemistry]]. He formulated the [[Draper's Law]], which states that the amount of chemical change is proportional to the intensity of light and the time of exposure.<br />
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=== Medicine ===<br />
As a physician, Draper was a professor of chemistry and physiology at the [[University of the City of New York]], now known as [[New York University]] (NYU). He was instrumental in the establishment of the NYU Medical School.<br />
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== Historical Writings ==<br />
Draper is also known for his historical writings. His most famous work, ''[[History of the Conflict between Religion and Science]]'' (1874), argued that there is an intrinsic conflict between [[science]] and [[religion]]. This book was widely read and translated into several languages.<br />
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== Personal Life ==<br />
Draper married Antonia Coetana de Paiva Pereira Gardner in 1839. They had several children, including [[Henry Draper]], who became a notable physician and astronomer.<br />
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== Legacy ==<br />
John William Draper left a lasting legacy in multiple fields. His work in photography paved the way for future developments, and his historical writings sparked significant debate. Draper was a founding member of the [[American Chemical Society]] and served as its first president.<br />
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== See Also ==<br />
* [[Henry Draper]]<br />
* [[History of photography]]<br />
* [[Photochemistry]]<br />
* [[History of science]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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== External Links ==<br />
{{Commons category|John William Draper}}<br />
{{Wikisource author|John William Draper}}<br />
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[[Category:1811 births]]<br />
[[Category:1882 deaths]]<br />
[[Category:American chemists]]<br />
[[Category:American photographers]]<br />
[[Category:American historians]]<br />
[[Category:American physicians]]<br />
[[Category:English emigrants to the United States]]<br />
[[Category:New York University faculty]]<br />
[[Category:People from St Helens, Merseyside]]<br />
[[Category:University of Pennsylvania alumni]]<br />
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