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			File:19121018_John_B._Murphy_cropped.png\|John Benjamin Murphy
			File:John_B._Murphy_clinic_(cropped).jpg\|John B. Murphy Clinic
			File:Grave_of_John_Benjamin_Murphy_(1857–1916)_at_Calvary_Cemetery,_Evanston_1.jpg\|Grave of John Benjamin Murphy at Calvary Cemetery
			File:John_B_Murphy_Memorial.jpg\|John B. Murphy Memorial
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'''John Benjamin Murphy''' (December 21, 1857 – August 11, 1916) was an American [[surgeon]] renowned for his contributions to [[surgery]] in the early 20th century. Murphy's work in the fields of [[orthopedic surgery]], [[vascular surgery]], and [[abdominal surgery]] has had a lasting impact on medical practices. He is best known for the "Murphy's sign," a clinical maneuver used to detect inflammation of the [[gallbladder]].

==Early Life and Education==
John Benjamin Murphy was born in [[Appleton, Wisconsin]], and after completing his early education, he pursued medical studies at Rush Medical College in [[Chicago]], graduating in 1879. Following his graduation, Murphy furthered his medical training in [[Europe]], studying under prominent surgeons in [[Germany]], [[Austria]], and [[France]].

==Career==
Upon returning to the United States, Murphy began practicing surgery in Chicago. He quickly gained a reputation for his skillful surgical techniques and innovative approaches to treatment. Murphy was a pioneer in advocating for antiseptic and aseptic techniques in surgery, significantly reducing postoperative infection rates at a time when such practices were not widely adopted.

Murphy's contributions to surgery were numerous. He developed new surgical techniques for the treatment of [[intestinal obstruction]] and [[appendicitis]], and he was among the first to perform successful surgeries for [[intestinal anastomosis]]—connecting segments of the intestine together. His work in vascular surgery, including the development of techniques for repairing [[blood vessels]], was groundbreaking.

One of Murphy's most enduring legacies is the introduction of the "Murphy button," a device used to facilitate intestinal anastomosis. This invention significantly reduced the time required for such surgeries and improved patient outcomes.

==Murphy's Sign==
Murphy is perhaps best known for "Murphy's sign," a diagnostic technique used to identify acute [[cholecystitis]], or inflammation of the gallbladder. The sign is elicited by asking the patient to take a deep breath while the examiner palpates the right subcostal area. A positive Murphy's sign occurs when the patient experiences sharp pain and abruptly stops inhaling due to the movement of the inflamed gallbladder against the examiner's hand.

==Legacy==
Murphy's contributions to surgery were widely recognized during his lifetime. He served as president of the [[American Medical Association]] and was a member of numerous medical societies. His innovative techniques and devices have left a lasting impact on the field of surgery.

Murphy's dedication to improving surgical outcomes through innovation and education has made him a key figure in the history of medicine. His work continues to influence surgical practices and medical education around the world.

==Death==
John Benjamin Murphy passed away on August 11, 1916, in [[Mackinac Island, Michigan]], leaving behind a legacy of medical innovation and improved patient care.

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John Benjamin Murphy - Revision history

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