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	~~'''John B. Watson''' ([[January 9]], [[1878]] – [[September 25]], [[1958]]) was an [[United States~~\|American~~]] [[~~psychologist~~]] who established the psychological school~~ of [[behaviorism]]. Watson promoted a change in psychology through his address, [[Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it]], which was given at [[Columbia University]] in [[1913]]. His work has greatly influenced the field of [[psychology]], particularly through his emphasis on systematic observation of overt behavior, which formed the basis of [[behavioral psychology]].		{{short description\|American psychologist and founder of behaviorism}}
			{{Use American English\|date=October 2023}}
			{{Use mdy dates\|date=October 2023}}

	~~== Early life and education ==~~		[[File:John_Broadus_Watson.JPG\|thumb\|right\|John B. Watson]]
	~~Watson was born in~~ [[~~Travelers Rest, South Carolina]], to Pickens Butler Watson and Emma Kesiah Watson (née Roe)~~. ~~He grew up in a relatively poor family and was often in trouble with the law~~. ~~Despite these early difficulties,~~ Watson ~~was able to attend [[Furman University]] where he completed his degree in [[1900~~]]~~. He then went on to earn his Ph.D. in psychology from the [[University of Chicago]] in [[1903]].~~

	~~== Career ==~~		'''John Broadus Watson''' (January 9, 1878 – September 25, 1958) was an American psychologist who established the psychological school of [[behaviorism]]. Watson promoted a change in psychology through his address, "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It," which was given at [[Columbia University]] in 1913. Through his behaviorist approach, Watson conducted research on animal behavior, child rearing, and advertising.
	~~After completing his doctorate~~, ~~Watson began teaching at~~ the ~~University~~ of ~~Chicago. In~~ [[~~1908~~]], ~~he moved to~~ [[~~Johns Hopkins~~ University]] ~~where he~~ conducted research and ~~served as a professor of psychology. It was during this time that he developed his theories on behaviorism~~.

	Watson~~'s work focused on the idea that human behavior could be understood~~ in ~~terms of conditioned responses~~. He ~~argued that psychology should focus on observable behavior, rather than internal mental processes. This approach was~~ a ~~significant departure from~~ the [[~~introspection~~]] ~~method that was popular~~ at the ~~time~~.		==Early life and education==
			Watson was born in [[Travelers Rest, South Carolina]], to Pickens Butler and Emma Kesiah Watson. He grew up in a poor family and his father left the family when Watson was 13 years old. Despite these challenges, Watson excelled academically and entered [[Furman University]] at the age of 16. He graduated with a master's degree in 1899.

	In [[~~1920~~]], ~~Watson left academia following a scandal~~ and ~~began working for the~~ [[~~J. Walter Thompson~~]] ~~advertising agency~~. ~~Here, he applied~~ his ~~theories of behaviorism to~~ the ~~field of advertising, pioneering~~ the ~~use of psychological techniques in marketing~~.		Watson then attended the [[University of Chicago]], where he studied under the guidance of [[John Dewey]] and [[James Rowland Angell]]. He earned his Ph.D. in psychology in 1903 with a dissertation on the relationship between behavior and the nervous system.

	== ~~Legacy~~ ==		==Career==
	Watson~~'s work has had a profound impact on the field of psychology. His theories have been influential in the development of~~ [[~~behavioral therapy]] and the [[cognitive revolution~~]]. ~~Despite some criticism~~ of ~~his methods and theories~~, ~~Watson's emphasis on~~ observable behavior ~~remains~~ a ~~fundamental aspect~~ of ~~psychological research~~ and ~~practice~~.		After completing his doctorate, Watson began his academic career at [[Johns Hopkins University]] in 1908. It was here that he developed his theory of behaviorism, which emphasized the study of observable behavior over the study of the mind. Watson believed that psychology should be a purely objective experimental branch of natural science, with the goal of predicting and controlling behavior.

	== ~~See also~~ ==		===Behaviorism===
			Watson's behaviorism was a reaction to the introspective psychology that dominated the field at the time. He argued that introspection was not a valid method of scientific inquiry and that psychology should focus on observable behavior. Watson's most famous experiment, the "[[Little Albert experiment]]," demonstrated that emotional responses could be conditioned in humans.

			===Later work and advertising===
			In 1920, Watson left academia and began a career in advertising at the [[J. Walter Thompson]] agency. He applied his behaviorist principles to advertising, focusing on the emotional appeal of products. Watson's work in advertising was highly successful, and he is credited with helping to shape modern advertising techniques.

			==Personal life==
			Watson married Mary Ickes in 1904, and they had two children. However, the marriage ended in divorce in 1920 after Watson's affair with his graduate student, Rosalie Rayner, became public. Watson and Rayner married in 1920 and had two sons.

			==Legacy==
			Watson's influence on psychology was profound. His behaviorist approach laid the groundwork for the development of [[B.F. Skinner]]'s [[operant conditioning]] and the rise of [[cognitive-behavioral therapy]]. Despite controversies surrounding his personal life and some of his research methods, Watson's emphasis on empirical research and observable behavior remains a cornerstone of psychological science.

			==Related pages==
	* [[Behaviorism]]		* [[Behaviorism]]
	* [[~~Psychology~~]]		* [[Little Albert experiment]]
	* [[Cognitive ~~revolution~~]]		* [[B.F. Skinner]]
			* [[Cognitive-behavioral therapy]]

	~~== References ==~~		[[Category:American psychologists]]
	~~<references />~~		[[Category:Behaviorists]]

	~~{{DEFAULTSORT~~:~~Watson, John B.}}~~
	[[Category:1878 births]]		[[Category:1878 births]]
	[[Category:1958 deaths]]		[[Category:1958 deaths]]
	~~[[Category:American psychologists]]~~
	~~[[Category:Behaviorism]]~~
	~~[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]~~
	~~[[Category:Furman University alumni]]~~
	~~[[Category:Johns Hopkins University faculty]]~~
	~~[[Category:People from Travelers Rest, South Carolina]]~~
	~~{{psychology-stub}}~~

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2024-02-29T02:52:16Z

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'''John B. Watson''' ([[January 9]], [[1878]] – [[September 25]], [[1958]]) was an [[United States|American]] [[psychologist]] who established the psychological school of [[behaviorism]]. Watson promoted a change in psychology through his address, [[Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it]], which was given at [[Columbia University]] in [[1913]]. His work has greatly influenced the field of [[psychology]], particularly through his emphasis on systematic observation of overt behavior, which formed the basis of [[behavioral psychology]].

== Early life and education ==
Watson was born in [[Travelers Rest, South Carolina]], to Pickens Butler Watson and Emma Kesiah Watson (née Roe). He grew up in a relatively poor family and was often in trouble with the law. Despite these early difficulties, Watson was able to attend [[Furman University]] where he completed his degree in [[1900]]. He then went on to earn his Ph.D. in psychology from the [[University of Chicago]] in [[1903]].

== Career ==
After completing his doctorate, Watson began teaching at the University of Chicago. In [[1908]], he moved to [[Johns Hopkins University]] where he conducted research and served as a professor of psychology. It was during this time that he developed his theories on behaviorism.

Watson's work focused on the idea that human behavior could be understood in terms of conditioned responses. He argued that psychology should focus on observable behavior, rather than internal mental processes. This approach was a significant departure from the [[introspection]] method that was popular at the time.

In [[1920]], Watson left academia following a scandal and began working for the [[J. Walter Thompson]] advertising agency. Here, he applied his theories of behaviorism to the field of advertising, pioneering the use of psychological techniques in marketing.

== Legacy ==
Watson's work has had a profound impact on the field of psychology. His theories have been influential in the development of [[behavioral therapy]] and the [[cognitive revolution]]. Despite some criticism of his methods and theories, Watson's emphasis on observable behavior remains a fundamental aspect of psychological research and practice.

== See also ==
* [[Behaviorism]]
* [[Psychology]]
* [[Cognitive revolution]]

== References ==
<references />

{{DEFAULTSORT:Watson, John B.}}
[[Category:1878 births]]
[[Category:1958 deaths]]
[[Category:American psychologists]]
[[Category:Behaviorism]]
[[Category:University of Chicago alumni]]
[[Category:Furman University alumni]]
[[Category:Johns Hopkins University faculty]]
[[Category:People from Travelers Rest, South Carolina]]
{{psychology-stub}}

John B. Watson - Revision history

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