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	~~'''James McCune Smith''' (April 18, 1813 – November 17, 1865) was an~~ American physician~~, apothecary~~, abolitionist, and author. He is the first African American to hold a medical degree and graduated at the top in his class at the University of Glasgow in Scotland. After his return to the United States, he became the first African American ~~to run a pharmacy in that nation.~~		{{short description\|American physician, abolitionist, and author}}
			{{Use American English\|date=October 2023}}
			{{Use mdy dates\|date=October 2023}}

	~~== Early life and education ==~~		'''James McCune Smith''' (April 18, 1813 – November 17, 1865) was a pioneering [[African American]] physician, abolitionist, and author. He was the first African American to hold a medical degree and was a prominent figure in the [[abolitionist movement]] in the United States.
	[[James McCune Smith]] was ~~born free in 1813 in~~ [[~~New York City~~]]~~. His mother~~, ~~believed to be Lavinia Smith~~, and ~~his father, said to be Samuel Smith, were slaves who had been freed~~. He ~~attended~~ the African ~~Free School in New York City, where he~~ was a ~~star student~~.

	== ~~Career~~ ==		==Early Life and Education==
	~~After being denied admission~~ to ~~colleges~~ in the United States, he ~~applied~~ to the [[University of Glasgow]] ~~in Scotland~~, where he ~~completed~~ his ~~bachelor's degree, master's degree, and~~ medical degree~~. McCune Smith also studied French and German~~, ~~which he used in his postgraduate studies in Paris and Vienna~~.		James McCune Smith was born in [[New York City]] to parents who were former slaves. Despite the racial barriers of the time, Smith was determined to pursue an education. He attended the African Free School in New York, where he excelled academically. Due to racial discrimination in the United States, he was unable to attend medical school in the country. Instead, he traveled to [[Scotland]] to attend the [[University of Glasgow]], where he earned his medical degree in 1837, becoming the first African American to do so.

	Upon ~~his return~~ to ~~New York, he was certified by~~ the ~~New York Pharmacy Board and opened a pharmacy~~, ~~which became~~ a ~~popular gathering place~~ in ~~the community~~. He ~~served as a doctor~~ for ~~the Colored Orphan Asylum for over 20 years~~. ~~McCune~~ Smith was also ~~active~~ in ~~political and civil rights activities, including~~ the ~~abolitionist movement~~.		==Medical Career==
			Upon returning to the United States, Smith established a medical practice in New York City. He became known for his expertise and dedication to his patients, regardless of their race or social status. Smith was also a member of the [[New York City Board of Health]], where he worked to improve public health conditions in the city.

	~~== Death and legacy ==~~		Smith's medical practice was located in the [[Five Points]] district, a notorious slum in New York City. He provided care to the poor and underserved populations, often without charge. His work in the community earned him a reputation as a compassionate and skilled physician.
	~~McCune~~ Smith ~~died of congestive heart failure~~ in ~~1865~~. ~~His pioneering contributions~~ to ~~medicine~~ and ~~his tireless~~ work ~~for civil rights have been recognized by numerous institutions, including~~ the ~~University of Glasgow, which established~~ a ~~James McCune Smith scholarship in 2018~~.

	== ~~See also~~ ==		==Abolitionist Activities==
	* [[~~List~~ of ~~African~~-~~American firsts~~]]		[[File:James_McCune_Smith.jpg\|thumb\|right\|James McCune Smith]]
	* [[~~African Americans in medicine~~]]		In addition to his medical career, James McCune Smith was an active abolitionist. He was a member of the [[American Anti-Slavery Society]] and worked closely with prominent abolitionists such as [[Frederick Douglass]] and [[William Lloyd Garrison]]. Smith used his medical knowledge to refute pseudoscientific claims of racial inferiority, writing articles and giving lectures that challenged the prevailing racist ideologies of the time.

	~~== References ==~~		Smith was also involved in the [[Underground Railroad]], helping enslaved people escape to freedom. He used his home as a safe house and provided medical care to those in need.
	~~<references />~~

	== ~~External links~~ ==		==Literary Contributions==
	* [~~https://www~~.~~nlm~~.~~nih~~.~~gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/~~physicians~~/biography_292~~.~~html Biography at~~ the ~~National Library~~ of ~~Medicine~~]		James McCune Smith was a prolific writer, contributing articles to various abolitionist publications. He wrote for [[Frederick Douglass' Paper]] and other periodicals, using his platform to advocate for the abolition of slavery and equal rights for African Americans. His writings often combined scientific reasoning with moral arguments, making a compelling case for the abolitionist cause.

			==Legacy==
			James McCune Smith's contributions to medicine and the abolitionist movement have left a lasting impact. He broke racial barriers in the medical field and used his position to fight for social justice. His work laid the groundwork for future generations of African American physicians and activists.

			Smith's legacy is remembered through various honors and memorials. Schools and institutions have been named in his honor, and his life continues to inspire those who fight for equality and justice.

			==Related Pages==
			* [[Abolitionism in the United States]]
			* [[African American history]]
			* [[History of medicine]]
			* [[University of Glasgow]]

	~~[[Category:American physicians]]~~
	~~[[Category:African-American history]]~~
	~~[[Category:University of Glasgow alumni]]~~
	[[Category:1813 births]]		[[Category:1813 births]]
	[[Category:1865 deaths]]		[[Category:1865 deaths]]
			[[Category:American abolitionists]]
	~~{{stub}}~~		[[Category:American physicians]]
	~~{{dictionary~~-~~stub1}}~~		[[Category:African-American abolitionists]]
	~~<gallery>~~		[[Category:African-American physicians]]
	~~File:James_McCune_Smith.jpg\|James McCune Smith~~		[[Category:People from New York City]]
	~~File~~:~~AfricanFreeSchool.jpg\|~~African ~~Free School~~
	~~File~~:~~429;_Family_History_Library_Film:_803790,_online_at_Ancestry.com\|James McCune Smith~~
	~~</gallery>~~

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			File:429;_Family_History_Library_Film:_803790,_online_at_Ancestry.com\|James McCune Smith
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'''James McCune Smith''' (April 18, 1813 – November 17, 1865) was an American physician, apothecary, abolitionist, and author. He is the first African American to hold a medical degree and graduated at the top in his class at the University of Glasgow in Scotland. After his return to the United States, he became the first African American to run a pharmacy in that nation.

== Early life and education ==
[[James McCune Smith]] was born free in 1813 in [[New York City]]. His mother, believed to be Lavinia Smith, and his father, said to be Samuel Smith, were slaves who had been freed. He attended the African Free School in New York City, where he was a star student.

== Career ==
After being denied admission to colleges in the United States, he applied to the [[University of Glasgow]] in Scotland, where he completed his bachelor's degree, master's degree, and medical degree. McCune Smith also studied French and German, which he used in his postgraduate studies in Paris and Vienna.

Upon his return to New York, he was certified by the New York Pharmacy Board and opened a pharmacy, which became a popular gathering place in the community. He served as a doctor for the Colored Orphan Asylum for over 20 years. McCune Smith was also active in political and civil rights activities, including the abolitionist movement.

== Death and legacy ==
McCune Smith died of congestive heart failure in 1865. His pioneering contributions to medicine and his tireless work for civil rights have been recognized by numerous institutions, including the University of Glasgow, which established a James McCune Smith scholarship in 2018.

== See also ==
* [[List of African-American firsts]]
* [[African Americans in medicine]]

== References ==
<references />

== External links ==
* [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_292.html Biography at the National Library of Medicine]

[[Category:American physicians]]
[[Category:African-American history]]
[[Category:University of Glasgow alumni]]
[[Category:1813 births]]
[[Category:1865 deaths]]

{{stub}}
{{dictionary-stub1}}

James McCune Smith - Revision history

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