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Isotype - Revision history
2026-04-08T00:56:58Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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Prab at 17:28, 18 March 2025
2025-03-18T17:28:55Z
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Prab
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Prab: CSV import
2025-03-17T16:17:35Z
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Prab
https://wikimd.com/index.php?title=Isotype&diff=6270345&oldid=prev
Prab: CSV import
2025-02-11T02:25:05Z
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Prab: CSV import
2024-12-02T05:39:58Z
<p>CSV import</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>{{Infobox medical term<br />
| name = Isotype<br />
| image = <br />
| caption = <br />
| field = Immunology<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Isotype''' refers to the genetic variations or differences in the constant region of the [[immunoglobulin]] (Ig) molecules. These variations are consistent across all individuals of a species and are used to classify immunoglobulins into different classes and subclasses. Isotypes are crucial for the immune system's ability to respond to a wide range of pathogens.<br />
<br />
==Structure and Function==<br />
Immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies, are glycoproteins produced by [[B cells]] that play a key role in the immune response. Each immunoglobulin molecule consists of two heavy chains and two light chains. The heavy chains determine the isotype of the antibody.<br />
<br />
There are five main isotypes of immunoglobulins in humans:<br />
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* '''IgA''': Found in mucous membranes, saliva, tears, and breast milk. It plays a critical role in mucosal immunity.<br />
* '''IgD''': Functions mainly as a receptor on B cells that have not been exposed to antigens.<br />
* '''IgE''': Involved in allergic reactions and protection against parasitic infections.<br />
* '''IgG''': The most abundant isotype in the blood, providing the majority of antibody-based immunity against pathogens.<br />
* '''IgM''': The first antibody produced in response to an infection, it is effective in forming complexes with antigens.<br />
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==Genetic Basis==<br />
The isotype of an immunoglobulin is determined by the constant region of the heavy chain gene. Each isotype is encoded by a different constant region gene segment located in the [[immunoglobulin heavy chain locus]] on chromosome 14 in humans.<br />
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==Clinical Significance==<br />
Understanding isotypes is important in clinical settings for diagnosing and monitoring various diseases. For example, elevated levels of IgE are associated with allergic conditions, while IgG levels can indicate past exposure to pathogens or vaccination status.<br />
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==Research and Applications==<br />
Isotypes are used in various research and diagnostic applications, including:<br />
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* [[Monoclonal antibody]] production<br />
* [[Immunoassay]] development<br />
* Vaccine design<br />
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==Also see==<br />
* [[Immunoglobulin]]<br />
* [[Antibody]]<br />
* [[B cell]]<br />
* [[Immunology]]<br />
<br />
{{Immunology}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Immunology]]<br />
[[Category:Antibodies]]</div>
Prab