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			<gallery>
			File:Tip_of_inoculation_needle.jpg\|Tip of inoculation needle
			File:Sterillizing_inoculation_needle.jpg\|Sterilizing inoculation needle
			File:Stab_cultures.jpg\|Stab cultures
			File:Inoculating_tools,_close_up.jpg\|Inoculating tools, close up
			File:Basic_inoculating_tools.jpg\|Basic inoculating tools
			File:Inoculating_plate_agar.jpg\|Inoculating plate agar
			File:EMB_streak_plate_with_E._coli.jpg\|EMB streak plate with E. coli
			</gallery>

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2024-03-24T14:36:48Z

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'''Inoculation needle''', also known as a '''loop''', is a simple tool used primarily in microbiology to transfer microscopic organisms from one medium to another without contamination. It consists of a metal wire with a looped end, which is used to streak microorganisms across a [[Petri dish]] containing [[Agar plate|agar]] or to pick colonies of bacteria for further study. The inoculation needle plays a crucial role in the fields of [[Microbiology]], [[Biotechnology]], and [[Molecular biology]], among others, by enabling scientists and researchers to isolate and grow cultures of specific microorganisms.

==History==
The use of inoculation needles dates back to the late 19th century, coinciding with the rapid development of bacteriology as a science. The invention of the inoculation needle is attributed to the efforts of scientists seeking efficient and sterile methods to handle microorganisms. Over the years, the design of the inoculation needle has evolved, with the introduction of the looped end being a significant improvement that allows for the easy transfer of bacteria.

==Design and Usage==
An inoculation needle is typically made of stainless steel or nichrome, allowing it to withstand high temperatures during sterilization. The tool is sterilized using an open flame or a [[Bunsen burner]] before and after each use to prevent cross-contamination between samples. The looped end of the needle is carefully dragged across the surface of the agar in a pattern that ensures the even distribution of the microorganisms. This technique, known as streaking, is fundamental in isolating single colonies of bacteria for further analysis.

==Applications==
Inoculation needles are indispensable in various scientific disciplines:
* In [[Microbiology]], they are used for streaking bacteria on agar plates to isolate pure cultures.
* In [[Molecular biology]], inoculation needles assist in the transfer of DNA samples or other genetic material.
* In [[Biotechnology]], they are employed in the process of cloning or transferring microbial cultures for production purposes.

==Safety and Sterilization==
Proper sterilization and handling of inoculation needles are paramount to prevent contamination and ensure the safety of the user. The needles are typically sterilized by passing them through a flame until they are red hot and then allowed to cool before use. This process effectively kills any residual microorganisms on the needle. Safety protocols, including wearing protective gloves and eyewear, are also recommended to avoid accidental exposure to harmful pathogens.

==See Also==
* [[Microbial culture]]
* [[Sterilization (microbiology)]]
* [[Agar plate]]
* [[Petri dish]]
* [[Bunsen burner]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Microbiology equipment]]
[[Category:Laboratory equipment]]

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Inoculation needle - Revision history

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