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'''Information privacy''', also known as '''data privacy''' or '''data protection''', is the relationship between the collection and dissemination of [[data]], technology, the public expectation of privacy, and the legal and political issues surrounding them. It is also known as an aspect of [[information security]] (IS) concerned with protecting personal data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, disruption, modification, inspection, recording, or destruction.

Information privacy involves both the ability to control the flow of information and the right to have personal information kept private. In the digital age, this has become increasingly complex as data is collected, processed, and stored on an unprecedented scale. The principles of information privacy are applied in various fields, including [[healthcare]], [[finance]], [[education]], and [[marketing]].

==Principles of Information Privacy==
The principles of information privacy are often encapsulated in data protection laws and regulations, which vary significantly around the world. However, several key principles are commonly accepted, including:

* '''Consent''': Individuals should have the option to consent to the collection and use of their personal data.
* '''Purpose Limitation''': Data collected for one purpose should not be used for another without further consent.
* '''Data Minimization''': Only the data necessary for the specified purpose should be collected.
* '''Accuracy''': Personal data should be accurate and kept up to date.
* '''Storage Limitation''': Personal data should not be kept longer than necessary.
* '''Security''': Personal data should be protected by reasonable security safeguards against risks such as unauthorized access or use.
* '''Transparency''': Individuals should be informed about how their data is collected, used, and shared.

==Global Data Protection Regulations==
Several international frameworks and national laws govern information privacy. Notable examples include:

* The [[General Data Protection Regulation]] (GDPR) in the European Union, which sets a high standard for data protection and grants individuals significant control over their personal data.
* The [[California Consumer Privacy Act]] (CCPA) in the United States, which provides California residents with rights regarding their personal information.
* The [[Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act]] (PIPEDA) in Canada, which governs how private sector organizations collect, use, and disclose personal information.

==Challenges to Information Privacy==
The digital age presents numerous challenges to information privacy, including:

* '''Big Data''': The vast amounts of data collected and analyzed can make it difficult to ensure privacy.
* '''Surveillance''': Governments and corporations can monitor individuals' activities at an unprecedented scale.
* '''Data Breaches''': High-profile data breaches have exposed the personal information of millions of individuals.
* '''Technology Advancements''': New technologies, such as [[artificial intelligence]] and [[Internet of Things]] (IoT) devices, pose new privacy concerns.

==Protecting Information Privacy==
Protecting information privacy requires efforts from individuals, organizations, and governments. Individuals can protect their privacy by being cautious about the information they share online and using privacy-enhancing technologies. Organizations can implement strong data protection policies and practices, while governments can enforce data protection laws and regulations.

==See Also==
* [[Cybersecurity]]
* [[Identity theft]]
* [[Privacy law]]
* [[Surveillance]]

[[Category:Information privacy]]
[[Category:Data protection]]
[[Category:Privacy law]]

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Information privacy - Revision history

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