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	~~'''~~Inflection~~''' is a process of word formation~~ in which a word is modified to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, and mood. The inflection of verbs is also called [[conjugation]], and one can refer to the inflection of nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and articles as [[declension]].		== Inflection in Linguistics ==

	~~== Overview ==~~		[[File:Cù_coin.svg\|thumb\|right\|Inflectional morphemes can change the form of a word to express different grammatical categories.]]

	An '''~~inflection~~''' ~~expresses one or more~~ grammatical categories ~~with a prefix, suffix or infix, or another internal modification~~ such as ~~a vowel change. For example~~, ~~the~~ [[~~English language\|English~~]] ~~verb 'sing' has the inflected forms 'sang'~~, ~~'sung'~~, ~~and 'singing'. The~~ [[~~inflectional morphology\|inflectional process~~]] ~~of verbs is called~~ [[~~conjugation~~]]~~. Nouns can be inflected for~~ number ~~(singular or plural)~~, ~~as can pronouns~~, ~~articles~~ and ~~adjectives (for example, in languages such as~~ [[~~French language\|French~~]] ~~and~~ [[~~German language\|German~~]]).		'''Inflection''' is a [[morphological]] process in [[linguistics]] that modifies a word to express different grammatical categories such as [[tense]], [[mood]], [[voice]], [[aspect]], [[person]], [[number]], [[gender]], and [[case]]. Inflection is a key concept in the study of [[morphology]], which is the branch of linguistics concerned with the structure of words.

	== Inflection ~~in various languages~~ ==		== Types of Inflection ==

	~~In some languages~~, ~~such as~~ [[~~Spanish language\|Spanish~~]], [[~~Portuguese language\|Portuguese~~]], [[~~Italian language\|Italian~~]], and [[~~French language\|French~~]], ~~verbs are highly~~ inflected. ~~In others~~, ~~such as~~ [[~~English language\|English~~]], ~~verb inflection is less significant. Some languages~~, ~~like~~ [[~~Finnish language\|Finnish~~]] and [[~~Hungarian language\|Hungarian~~]], ~~have extensive case systems~~, ~~with~~ nouns ~~having~~ as ~~many as 15 different forms~~.		Inflectional changes can occur in various forms, including:

			* '''Conjugation''': The inflection of [[verbs]] to indicate [[tense]], [[aspect]], [[mood]], and [[voice]]. For example, the English verb "to walk" can be inflected to "walks," "walked," and "walking."

			* '''Declension''': The inflection of [[nouns]], [[pronouns]], and [[adjectives]] to indicate [[number]], [[case]], and [[gender]]. For example, in Latin, the noun "puella" (girl) can be inflected to "puellae" (of the girl).

			== Inflectional Morphology ==

			Inflectional morphology involves the use of [[inflectional morphemes]], which are affixes added to a word to convey grammatical information. These morphemes do not change the word's [[lexical category]] or its core meaning but provide additional grammatical context.

			=== Examples of Inflectional Morphemes ===

			* '''English''': In English, common inflectional morphemes include "-s" for plural nouns (e.g., "cats"), "-ed" for past tense verbs (e.g., "walked"), and "-ing" for present participles (e.g., "walking").

			* '''Spanish''': In Spanish, verbs are inflected for person and number, such as "hablo" (I speak) and "hablamos" (we speak).

	== Inflection vs. Derivation ==		== Inflection vs. Derivation ==

	~~Inflection~~ is a ~~process that makes words convey~~ grammatical ~~meanings~~, ~~while~~ [[~~derivation~~]] ~~creates new words~~. For example, ~~in English, 'run'~~ is ~~the base form of a verb, but it can be inflected to produce 'runs', 'running', and 'ran'~~, ~~whereas derivation can produce 'runner' from 'run'~~.		It is important to distinguish between inflection and [[derivation]]. While inflection modifies a word to fit into a particular grammatical context, derivation creates a new word with a new meaning by adding [[derivational morphemes]]. For example, adding "-ness" to "happy" to form "happiness" is derivation, not inflection.

	== ~~See also~~ ==		== Inflection in Different Languages ==

			Languages vary widely in their use of inflection. Some languages, like [[Latin]] and [[Russian]], are highly inflected, with complex systems of conjugation and declension. Others, like [[Chinese]], rely more on word order and [[particles]] rather than inflection to convey grammatical relationships.

			== Related Pages ==

	* [[Morphology (linguistics)]]		* [[Morphology (linguistics)]]
	* [[~~Grammatical conjugation]]~~		* [[Conjugation]]
	* [[Grammatical declension]]		* [[Declension]]
	* [[Grammatical number]]		* [[Derivation (linguistics)]]
	* [[Grammatical case]]		* [[Grammatical category]]
	* [[~~Grammatical gender~~]]
	* [[~~Grammatical mood]]~~
	* [[Grammatical tense]]
	* [[Grammatical aspect]]
	* [[Grammatical ~~voice~~]]

	[[Category:Linguistics]]		[[Category:Linguistics]]
	~~[[Category:Grammar]]~~
	~~[[Category:Morphology]]~~

	~~{{stub}}~~

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'''Inflection''' is a process of word formation in which a word is modified to express different grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number, gender, and mood. The inflection of verbs is also called [[conjugation]], and one can refer to the inflection of nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and articles as [[declension]].

== Overview ==

An '''inflection''' expresses one or more grammatical categories with a prefix, suffix or infix, or another internal modification such as a vowel change. For example, the [[English language|English]] verb 'sing' has the inflected forms 'sang', 'sung', and 'singing'. The [[inflectional morphology|inflectional process]] of verbs is called [[conjugation]]. Nouns can be inflected for number (singular or plural), as can pronouns, articles and adjectives (for example, in languages such as [[French language|French]] and [[German language|German]]).

== Inflection in various languages ==

In some languages, such as [[Spanish language|Spanish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]], [[Italian language|Italian]], and [[French language|French]], verbs are highly inflected. In others, such as [[English language|English]], verb inflection is less significant. Some languages, like [[Finnish language|Finnish]] and [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]], have extensive case systems, with nouns having as many as 15 different forms.

== Inflection vs. Derivation ==

Inflection is a process that makes words convey grammatical meanings, while [[derivation]] creates new words. For example, in English, 'run' is the base form of a verb, but it can be inflected to produce 'runs', 'running', and 'ran', whereas derivation can produce 'runner' from 'run'.

== See also ==

* [[Morphology (linguistics)]]
* [[Grammatical conjugation]]
* [[Grammatical declension]]
* [[Grammatical number]]
* [[Grammatical case]]
* [[Grammatical gender]]
* [[Grammatical mood]]
* [[Grammatical tense]]
* [[Grammatical aspect]]
* [[Grammatical voice]]

[[Category:Linguistics]]
[[Category:Grammar]]
[[Category:Morphology]]

{{stub}}

Inflection - Revision history

Prab: CSV import

Prab: CSV import