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Indoxyl sulfate - Revision history
2026-04-28T23:47:24Z
Revision history for this page on the wiki
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https://wikimd.org/index.php?title=Indoxyl_sulfate&diff=6494857&oldid=prev
Prab at 00:03, 17 March 2025
2025-03-17T00:03:02Z
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Prab
https://wikimd.org/index.php?title=Indoxyl_sulfate&diff=6338005&oldid=prev
Prab: CSV import
2025-02-20T21:30:37Z
<p>CSV import</p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:30, 20 February 2025</td>
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Prab: CSV import
2025-02-11T02:01:07Z
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Prab
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Prab: CSV import
2024-02-22T03:38:38Z
<p>CSV import</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>'''Indoxyl Sulfate''' is a [[uremic toxin]] that is produced from the metabolism of dietary [[tryptophan]]. It is normally excreted in the urine, but can accumulate in the blood of individuals with [[chronic kidney disease]] (CKD), potentially leading to various health complications.<br />
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== Production and Metabolism ==<br />
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Indoxyl sulfate is produced in the liver from indole, a metabolite of tryptophan. Indole is produced by the gut microbiota and is absorbed into the bloodstream, where it is transported to the liver. In the liver, indole is sulfated by the enzyme [[sulfotransferase]] to produce indoxyl sulfate.<br />
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== Role in Chronic Kidney Disease ==<br />
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In individuals with CKD, the kidneys' ability to excrete indoxyl sulfate is impaired, leading to its accumulation in the blood. High levels of indoxyl sulfate in the blood have been associated with progression of CKD, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in CKD patients.<br />
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== Health Effects ==<br />
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Indoxyl sulfate has been shown to have several harmful effects on the body. It can induce oxidative stress and inflammation, contribute to the progression of CKD, and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. It can also impair the function of endothelial cells, which line the inside of blood vessels, and can stimulate the proliferation of smooth muscle cells, which can lead to vascular disease.<br />
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== Treatment ==<br />
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Treatment strategies for reducing indoxyl sulfate levels in CKD patients include dietary modifications, use of oral adsorbents, and changes in dialysis strategies. However, more research is needed to determine the most effective treatment strategies.<br />
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== See Also ==<br />
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* [[Chronic kidney disease]]<br />
* [[Uremic toxin]]<br />
* [[Tryptophan]]<br />
* [[Sulfotransferase]]<br />
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[[Category:Biochemistry]]<br />
[[Category:Toxicology]]<br />
[[Category:Nephrology]]<br />
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{{stub}}</div>
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