Prab: CSV import

2025-02-15T11:22:12Z

CSV import

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:22, 15 February 2025
Line 1:		Line 1:
	~~'''~~Immune Receptor~~'''~~		{{DISPLAYTITLE:Immune Receptor}}

	An '''immune receptor''' is a ~~[[protein]] present~~ on the surface of [[immune ~~cells~~]] that binds to foreign substances, ~~known as~~ [[~~antigens~~]], ~~in the body. This binding process triggers an~~ [[~~immune response~~]], ~~which is the body'~~s ~~way of defending itself against harmful substances~~.		== Overview ==
			[[File:Fc_receptor_schematic.svg\|thumb\|right\|Schematic representation of an Fc receptor.]]
			An '''immune receptor''' is a receptor, usually found on the surface of [[immune cell]]s, that binds to a specific [[antigen]] or [[pathogen]] component. These receptors play a crucial role in the immune system by recognizing and responding to foreign substances. Immune receptors can be broadly classified into several types, including [[T cell receptor]]s, [[B cell receptor]]s, and [[Fc receptor]]s.

	==Types of Immune Receptors==		== Types of Immune Receptors ==

	~~There~~ are ~~several types~~ of immune ~~receptors~~, ~~including:~~		=== T Cell Receptors ===
			[[T cell receptor]]s (TCRs) are found on the surface of [[T cell]]s. They are responsible for recognizing [[antigen]]s that are presented by [[major histocompatibility complex]] (MHC) molecules on the surface of [[antigen-presenting cell]]s. TCRs are crucial for the adaptive immune response, allowing T cells to detect and respond to infected or cancerous cells.

	* '''[[T cell receptor]]s (~~TCRs~~)~~''': These~~ are found on the surface of [[~~T cells~~]], a ~~type of [[white blood~~ cell~~]]. TCRs recognize~~ and ~~bind to antigens presented by~~ [[~~Major Histocompatibility Complex~~]] ~~(MHC) molecules on the surface of infected cells~~.		=== B Cell Receptors ===
			[[B cell receptor]]s (BCRs) are membrane-bound [[immunoglobulin]] molecules found on the surface of [[B cell]]s. They are responsible for recognizing free antigens in their native form. Upon binding to an antigen, BCRs initiate a signaling cascade that leads to B cell activation and the production of [[antibody\|antibodies]].

	* '''[[~~B cell~~ receptor]]s ~~(BCRs)''':~~ These are found on ~~the surface of~~ [[~~B cells~~]], ~~another type of white blood~~ cell. ~~BCRs recognize~~ and ~~bind to antigens directly, without the need for MHC presentation~~.		=== Fc Receptors ===
			[[Fc receptor]]s are a class of receptors that bind to the Fc region of [[antibody\|antibodies]]. These receptors are found on various immune cells, including [[macrophage]]s, [[neutrophil]]s, and [[natural killer cell]]s. Fc receptors play a key role in [[antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity]] (ADCC) and [[phagocytosis]].

	* '''[[Pattern recognition receptor]]s (PRRs)''': These are ~~found on~~ the ~~surface~~ of ~~[[innate~~ immune cells]], ~~such as [[macrophages]]~~ and ~~[[dendritic cells]]~~. ~~PRRs recognize and bind~~ to ~~[[pathogen-associated molecular patterns]] (PAMPs)~~, ~~which are common features~~ of ~~many pathogens~~.		== Function ==
			Immune receptors are essential for the detection and elimination of pathogens. They allow immune cells to distinguish between self and non-self, enabling the immune system to target and destroy invading microorganisms while sparing the body's own tissues. The binding of an immune receptor to its ligand typically triggers a signaling cascade that results in cellular activation, proliferation, and the execution of effector functions.

	==~~Function of Immune Receptors~~==		== Signaling Pathways ==
			Upon ligand binding, immune receptors initiate complex intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways often involve the activation of [[kinase]]s, [[phosphatase]]s, and [[transcription factor]]s, leading to changes in gene expression and cellular behavior. For example, the binding of an antigen to a T cell receptor activates the [[MAPK/ERK pathway]], which is critical for T cell activation and proliferation.

	~~The primary function~~ of immune ~~receptors is~~ to ~~recognize and bind to antigens. This binding process triggers a series of~~ [[~~cell signaling~~]] ~~events that lead to an immune response. This response can involve the production of~~ [[~~antibodies~~]] ~~by B cells~~, the ~~activation~~ of ~~T cells to kill infected cells, or~~ the ~~activation~~ of ~~innate immune cells to engulf~~ and ~~destroy pathogens~~.		== Clinical Significance ==
			Dysregulation of immune receptor signaling can lead to various [[autoimmune disease]]s, [[immunodeficiency]] disorders, and [[allergy\|allergic reactions]]. Understanding the mechanisms of immune receptor function and signaling is crucial for the development of [[immunotherapy\|immunotherapies]] and [[vaccine]]s.

	==~~Role in Immune Disorders~~==		== Related Pages ==
			* [[Antigen-presenting cell]]
	Abnormalities in immune receptors can lead to various [[immune disorders]]. For example, mutations in TCRs or BCRs can lead to [[autoimmune diseases]], where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells. On the other hand, deficiencies in PRRs can lead to increased susceptibility to infections.		* [[Adaptive immune system]]
			* [[Innate immune system]]
	~~==See Also==~~		* [[Cytokine receptor]]

	* [[Immune system]]
	* [[Antigen]]
	* [[~~Antibody~~]]
	* [[~~Autoimmune disease~~]]
	* [[~~Infection~~]]

	[[Category:Immunology]]		[[Category:Immunology]]
	~~[[Category:Cell biology]]~~
	~~[[Category:Proteins]]~~
	~~{{Immunology-stub}}~~

Prab: CSV import

2024-03-04T00:33:22Z

CSV import

New page

'''Immune Receptor'''

An '''immune receptor''' is a [[protein]] present on the surface of [[immune cells]] that binds to foreign substances, known as [[antigens]], in the body. This binding process triggers an [[immune response]], which is the body's way of defending itself against harmful substances.

==Types of Immune Receptors==

There are several types of immune receptors, including:

* '''[[T cell receptor]]s (TCRs)''': These are found on the surface of [[T cells]], a type of [[white blood cell]]. TCRs recognize and bind to antigens presented by [[Major Histocompatibility Complex]] (MHC) molecules on the surface of infected cells.

* '''[[B cell receptor]]s (BCRs)''': These are found on the surface of [[B cells]], another type of white blood cell. BCRs recognize and bind to antigens directly, without the need for MHC presentation.

* '''[[Pattern recognition receptor]]s (PRRs)''': These are found on the surface of [[innate immune cells]], such as [[macrophages]] and [[dendritic cells]]. PRRs recognize and bind to [[pathogen-associated molecular patterns]] (PAMPs), which are common features of many pathogens.

==Function of Immune Receptors==

The primary function of immune receptors is to recognize and bind to antigens. This binding process triggers a series of [[cell signaling]] events that lead to an immune response. This response can involve the production of [[antibodies]] by B cells, the activation of T cells to kill infected cells, or the activation of innate immune cells to engulf and destroy pathogens.

==Role in Immune Disorders==

Abnormalities in immune receptors can lead to various [[immune disorders]]. For example, mutations in TCRs or BCRs can lead to [[autoimmune diseases]], where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own cells. On the other hand, deficiencies in PRRs can lead to increased susceptibility to infections.

==See Also==

* [[Immune system]]
* [[Antigen]]
* [[Antibody]]
* [[Autoimmune disease]]
* [[Infection]]

[[Category:Immunology]]
[[Category:Cell biology]]
[[Category:Proteins]]
{{Immunology-stub}}

Immune receptor - Revision history

Prab: CSV import

Prab: CSV import