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	'''Icatibant''' is a ~~synthetic decapeptide and a selective antagonist of the bradykinin B2 receptor. It is~~ primarily ~~used~~ in the treatment of [[~~Hereditary Angioedema~~]] (HAE), a rare genetic condition characterized by episodes of severe swelling ~~in various parts of the body, including the extremities, face, gastrointestinal tract, and airway~~. ~~Icatibant works by blocking the effects of bradykinin, which~~ is ~~thought to play~~ a ~~key role in the development of angioedema~~.		{{Short description\|A detailed overview of Icatibant, a medication used in the treatment of hereditary angioedema.}}

			==Icatibant==
			[[File:Icatibant.svg\|thumb\|right\|Chemical structure of Icatibant]]
			'''Icatibant''' is a medication used primarily in the treatment of [[hereditary angioedema]] (HAE), a rare genetic condition characterized by recurrent episodes of severe swelling. It is a synthetic peptide and functions as a selective [[bradykinin]] B2 receptor antagonist.

	==Mechanism of Action==		==Mechanism of Action==
	Icatibant ~~functions~~ by ~~competitively inhibiting~~ the bradykinin B2 receptor. ~~Bradykinin is~~ a peptide that causes blood vessels to dilate ~~(expand)~~, leading to ~~the leakage of fluid into the surrounding tissues, which results in~~ swelling~~. By blocking the action of bradykinin, icatibant reduces the vascular permeability and the associated swelling seen in HAE attacks~~.		Icatibant works by blocking the bradykinin B2 receptor, which is involved in the inflammatory process that leads to the symptoms of hereditary angioedema. By inhibiting this receptor, icatibant reduces the effects of bradykinin, a peptide that causes blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable, leading to swelling.

	==~~Indications~~==		==Clinical Use==
	~~The primary indication for icatibant~~ is ~~the treatment of~~ acute attacks of ~~[[Hereditary Angioedema]]~~ in ~~adults with C1~~-~~INH deficiency~~. It is ~~administered via subcutaneous injection~~, ~~allowing~~ for ~~rapid relief of symptoms~~.		Icatibant is administered via subcutaneous injection and is used to treat acute attacks of hereditary angioedema. It is particularly effective in reducing the duration and severity of swelling episodes. Patients are often trained to self-administer the medication at the onset of an attack.

			==Side Effects==
			Common side effects of icatibant include injection site reactions, such as redness, swelling, and pain. Other potential side effects may include fever, dizziness, and headache. It is generally well-tolerated, but patients should be monitored for any adverse reactions.

	==Pharmacokinetics==		==Pharmacokinetics==
	Icatibant is rapidly absorbed ~~after~~ subcutaneous administration, with peak plasma concentrations typically reached within ~~0.5~~ to ~~2 hours~~. It has a ~~relatively short~~ half-life, ~~which necessitates~~ its ~~administration during acute HAE attack episodes. The drug is metabolized by enzymatic cleavage and excreted primarily in the urine.~~		Icatibant is rapidly absorbed following subcutaneous administration, with peak plasma concentrations typically reached within 30 to 60 minutes. It has a half-life of approximately 1 to 2 hours, and its effects can last for several hours, providing relief from acute symptoms of hereditary angioedema.

	~~==Adverse Effects==~~
	~~Common adverse~~ effects ~~of icatibant include injection site reactions (such as redness, swelling, and pain)~~, ~~fever, increased liver enzymes, dizziness, and nausea. Most side effects are mild to moderate in severity and transient in nature.~~

	~~==Contraindications and Precautions==~~
	~~Icatibant should be used with caution in patients with a history of~~ acute ~~ischemic heart disease or stroke, due to its potential to cause transient hypotension. It is also advised to monitor patients with liver impairment closely, as they may have altered metabolism~~ of ~~the drug~~.

	==~~Clinical Trials~~==		==Development and Approval==
	~~Several clinical trials have demonstrated~~ the ~~efficacy~~ and ~~safety of icatibant~~ in the ~~treatment~~ of ~~acute~~ HAE ~~attacks. These studies have shown that icatibant significantly reduces the time to symptom relief compared to placebo~~.		Icatibant was developed as a targeted therapy for hereditary angioedema, addressing the specific pathophysiological mechanism of the disease. It has been approved for use in several countries and is considered a significant advancement in the management of HAE.

	==~~Regulatory Approval~~==		==Related pages==
	Icatibant has been approved for use in the treatment of HAE in many countries, including the United States, European Union countries, and others. Its approval was based on the positive outcomes of clinical trials assessing its efficacy and safety profile.		* [[Hereditary angioedema]]
			* [[Bradykinin]]
			* [[B2 receptor]]

	~~==Conclusion==~~
	Icatibant represents a significant advancement in the treatment of Hereditary Angioedema, offering rapid and effective relief from the debilitating symptoms of acute attacks. Its development underscores the importance of targeted therapies in rare diseases and provides a valuable option for patients suffering from HAE.

	~~[[Category:Drugs]]~~
	[[Category:Peptides]]		[[Category:Peptides]]
	[[Category:~~Endocrinology~~]]		[[Category:Drugs used in dermatology]]
	[[Category:~~Emergency medicine~~]]		[[Category:Bradykinin receptor antagonists]]

	~~{{Pharmacology-stub}}~~
	~~{{Medicine-stub}}~~

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'''Icatibant''' is a synthetic decapeptide and a selective antagonist of the bradykinin B2 receptor. It is primarily used in the treatment of [[Hereditary Angioedema]] (HAE), a rare genetic condition characterized by episodes of severe swelling in various parts of the body, including the extremities, face, gastrointestinal tract, and airway. Icatibant works by blocking the effects of bradykinin, which is thought to play a key role in the development of angioedema.

==Mechanism of Action==
Icatibant functions by competitively inhibiting the bradykinin B2 receptor. Bradykinin is a peptide that causes blood vessels to dilate (expand), leading to the leakage of fluid into the surrounding tissues, which results in swelling. By blocking the action of bradykinin, icatibant reduces the vascular permeability and the associated swelling seen in HAE attacks.

==Indications==
The primary indication for icatibant is the treatment of acute attacks of [[Hereditary Angioedema]] in adults with C1-INH deficiency. It is administered via subcutaneous injection, allowing for rapid relief of symptoms.

==Pharmacokinetics==
Icatibant is rapidly absorbed after subcutaneous administration, with peak plasma concentrations typically reached within 0.5 to 2 hours. It has a relatively short half-life, which necessitates its administration during acute HAE attack episodes. The drug is metabolized by enzymatic cleavage and excreted primarily in the urine.

==Adverse Effects==
Common adverse effects of icatibant include injection site reactions (such as redness, swelling, and pain), fever, increased liver enzymes, dizziness, and nausea. Most side effects are mild to moderate in severity and transient in nature.

==Contraindications and Precautions==
Icatibant should be used with caution in patients with a history of acute ischemic heart disease or stroke, due to its potential to cause transient hypotension. It is also advised to monitor patients with liver impairment closely, as they may have altered metabolism of the drug.

==Clinical Trials==
Several clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of icatibant in the treatment of acute HAE attacks. These studies have shown that icatibant significantly reduces the time to symptom relief compared to placebo.

==Regulatory Approval==
Icatibant has been approved for use in the treatment of HAE in many countries, including the United States, European Union countries, and others. Its approval was based on the positive outcomes of clinical trials assessing its efficacy and safety profile.

==Conclusion==
Icatibant represents a significant advancement in the treatment of Hereditary Angioedema, offering rapid and effective relief from the debilitating symptoms of acute attacks. Its development underscores the importance of targeted therapies in rare diseases and provides a valuable option for patients suffering from HAE.

[[Category:Drugs]]
[[Category:Peptides]]
[[Category:Endocrinology]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]

{{Pharmacology-stub}}
{{Medicine-stub}}

Icatibant - Revision history

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