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<p><b>New page</b></p><div>[[File:Cordyceps_capitata.jpg|thumb|right]] '''Hypocreales''' is an [[order (biology)|order]] of [[ascomycete]] [[fungi]] within the class [[Sordariomycetes]]. This order is known for its brightly colored [[fruiting body|fruiting bodies]] and includes several important [[plant pathogen|plant pathogens]], [[endophyte|endophytes]], and [[mycoparasite|mycoparasites]].<br />
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== Taxonomy ==<br />
The order Hypocreales is divided into several [[family (biology)|families]], which include:<br />
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* [[Clavicipitaceae]]<br />
* [[Hypocreaceae]]<br />
* [[Nectriaceae]]<br />
* [[Bionectriaceae]]<br />
* [[Ophiocordycipitaceae]]<br />
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== Characteristics ==<br />
Members of the Hypocreales are characterized by their brightly colored [[perithecia]], which are often yellow, orange, or red. These fungi typically produce [[asci]] containing [[ascospore|ascospores]] within their perithecia. The [[anamorph]]s (asexual forms) of Hypocreales are often found in the [[genera]] [[Fusarium]] and [[Trichoderma]].<br />
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== Ecology ==<br />
Hypocreales fungi occupy a variety of ecological niches. Some species are [[saprotroph|saprotrophic]], decomposing organic matter, while others are [[pathogen|pathogenic]] to plants, insects, or other fungi. Notable examples include:<br />
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* ''[[Fusarium oxysporum]]'' - a plant pathogen causing [[Fusarium wilt]].<br />
* ''[[Trichoderma harzianum]]'' - a mycoparasite used in [[biological control]] of plant diseases.<br />
* ''[[Cordyceps militaris]]'' - an entomopathogenic fungus that parasitizes insects.<br />
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== Economic Importance ==<br />
Several species within the Hypocreales have significant economic impacts. For instance, species of ''[[Fusarium]]'' are notorious for causing diseases in crops such as [[wheat]], [[maize]], and [[banana]]. On the other hand, ''[[Trichoderma]]'' species are widely used in [[agriculture]] for their [[biocontrol]] properties against plant pathogens.<br />
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== Research and Applications ==<br />
Research on Hypocreales has led to advancements in [[biotechnology]] and [[medicine]]. For example, ''[[Cordyceps sinensis]]'' is used in traditional [[Chinese medicine]] for its purported health benefits. Additionally, enzymes produced by ''[[Trichoderma reesei]]'' are utilized in the [[biofuel]] industry for the breakdown of [[cellulose]].<br />
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== Notable Genera ==<br />
Some notable genera within the Hypocreales include:<br />
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* ''[[Fusarium]]''<br />
* ''[[Trichoderma]]''<br />
* ''[[Nectria]]''<br />
* ''[[Hypocrea]]''<br />
* ''[[Cordyceps]]''<br />
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== See Also ==<br />
* [[Ascomycota]]<br />
* [[Sordariomycetes]]<br />
* [[Plant pathology]]<br />
* [[Mycology]]<br />
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== References ==<br />
{{Reflist}}<br />
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== External Links ==<br />
{{Commons category|Hypocreales}}<br />
{{Wikispecies|Hypocreales}}<br />
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[[Category:Hypocreales]]<br />
[[Category:Ascomycota]]<br />
[[Category:Fungal plant pathogens and diseases]]<br />
[[Category:Mycology]]<br />
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