Hypernatremia - Revision history

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2025-04-06T21:31:17Z

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			{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Hypernatremia
			\| image = [[File:Na-TableImage.svg\|150px]]
			\| caption = Sodium, the primary electrolyte involved in hypernatremia
			\| field = [[Nephrology]]
			\| synonyms = [[Hypernatraemia]]
			\| symptoms = [[Thirst]], [[confusion]], [[muscle twitching]], [[seizures]], [[coma]]
			\| complications = [[Cerebral edema]], [[intracranial hemorrhage]]
			\| onset = Sudden or gradual
			\| duration = Varies
			\| causes = [[Dehydration]], [[diabetes insipidus]], [[excessive salt intake]], [[osmotic diuresis]]
			\| risks = [[Elderly]], [[infants]], [[hospitalized patients]]
			\| diagnosis = [[Blood test]] showing elevated [[serum sodium]]
			\| differential = [[Hyponatremia]], [[diabetes mellitus]], [[renal failure]]
			\| prevention = Adequate [[hydration]], monitoring of [[sodium levels]]
			\| treatment = [[Intravenous fluids]], [[oral rehydration]], [[dialysis]]
			\| prognosis = Depends on underlying cause and promptness of treatment
			\| frequency = Common in [[hospitalized patients]]
			}}
	'''Hypernatremia''' is a common electrolyte problem and is defined as a rise in serum sodium concentration to a value exceeding 145 mmol/L. It is strictly defined as a hyperosmolar condition caused by a decrease in total body water (TBW) relative to electrolyte content. Hypernatremia can be caused by various conditions and can lead to a wide range of symptoms from lethargy and irritability to seizures and coma.		'''Hypernatremia''' is a common electrolyte problem and is defined as a rise in serum sodium concentration to a value exceeding 145 mmol/L. It is strictly defined as a hyperosmolar condition caused by a decrease in total body water (TBW) relative to electrolyte content. Hypernatremia can be caused by various conditions and can lead to a wide range of symptoms from lethargy and irritability to seizures and coma.

	== Causes ==		== Causes ==
	Hypernatremia can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:		Hypernatremia can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:

	* [[Dehydration]]		* [[Dehydration]]
	* [[Diabetes insipidus]]		* [[Diabetes insipidus]]
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	* [[Hypertonic saline]]		* [[Hypertonic saline]]
	* [[Medications]] such as diuretics, steroids, and some [[antibiotics]]		* [[Medications]] such as diuretics, steroids, and some [[antibiotics]]

	== Symptoms ==		== Symptoms ==
	Symptoms of hypernatremia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. They can include:		Symptoms of hypernatremia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. They can include:

	* [[Thirst]]		* [[Thirst]]
	* [[Dry mouth]]		* [[Dry mouth]]
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	* [[Seizures]]		* [[Seizures]]
	* [[Coma]]		* [[Coma]]

	== Diagnosis ==		== Diagnosis ==
	Diagnosis of hypernatremia is typically made through a [[blood test]] that measures the level of sodium in the blood. Other tests may be done to determine the underlying cause of the condition.		Diagnosis of hypernatremia is typically made through a [[blood test]] that measures the level of sodium in the blood. Other tests may be done to determine the underlying cause of the condition.

	== Treatment ==		== Treatment ==
	Treatment of hypernatremia typically involves treating the underlying cause of the condition, as well as measures to lower the sodium level in the blood. This can include:		Treatment of hypernatremia typically involves treating the underlying cause of the condition, as well as measures to lower the sodium level in the blood. This can include:

	* [[Intravenous fluids]]		* [[Intravenous fluids]]
	* [[Medications]] to manage symptoms and treat underlying conditions		* [[Medications]] to manage symptoms and treat underlying conditions
	* [[Dietary changes]] to reduce sodium intake		* [[Dietary changes]] to reduce sodium intake

	== See also ==		== See also ==
	* [[Hyponatremia]]		* [[Hyponatremia]]
	* [[Electrolyte imbalance]]		* [[Electrolyte imbalance]]
	* [[Water-electrolyte imbalance]]		* [[Water-electrolyte imbalance]]

	== References ==		== References ==
	<references />		<references />

	[[Category:Medical conditions]]		[[Category:Medical conditions]]
	[[Category:Electrolyte disorders]]		[[Category:Electrolyte disorders]]
	{{stub}}		{{stub}}

	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Na-TableImage.svg\|Hypernatremia~~
	~~</gallery>~~

Prab at 00:01, 17 March 2025

2025-03-17T00:01:59Z

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	File:Na-TableImage.svg\|Hypernatremia		File:Na-TableImage.svg\|Hypernatremia
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2024-02-24T04:32:41Z

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'''Hypernatremia''' is a common electrolyte problem and is defined as a rise in serum sodium concentration to a value exceeding 145 mmol/L. It is strictly defined as a hyperosmolar condition caused by a decrease in total body water (TBW) relative to electrolyte content. Hypernatremia can be caused by various conditions and can lead to a wide range of symptoms from lethargy and irritability to seizures and coma.

== Causes ==
Hypernatremia can be caused by a variety of conditions, including:

* [[Dehydration]]
* [[Diabetes insipidus]]
* [[Hyperaldosteronism]]
* [[Cushing's syndrome]]
* [[Kidney disease]]
* [[Hypertonic saline]]
* [[Medications]] such as diuretics, steroids, and some [[antibiotics]]

== Symptoms ==
Symptoms of hypernatremia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. They can include:

* [[Thirst]]
* [[Dry mouth]]
* [[Lethargy]]
* [[Irritability]]
* [[Seizures]]
* [[Coma]]

== Diagnosis ==
Diagnosis of hypernatremia is typically made through a [[blood test]] that measures the level of sodium in the blood. Other tests may be done to determine the underlying cause of the condition.

== Treatment ==
Treatment of hypernatremia typically involves treating the underlying cause of the condition, as well as measures to lower the sodium level in the blood. This can include:

* [[Intravenous fluids]]
* [[Medications]] to manage symptoms and treat underlying conditions
* [[Dietary changes]] to reduce sodium intake

== See also ==
* [[Hyponatremia]]
* [[Electrolyte imbalance]]
* [[Water-electrolyte imbalance]]

== References ==
<references />

[[Category:Medical conditions]]
[[Category:Electrolyte disorders]]
{{stub}}