Prab: CSV import

2025-04-07T04:16:17Z

CSV import

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:16, 7 April 2025
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			{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Hyperglycemia
			\| image = [[File:Hyperglycemia.png\|250px]]
			\| caption = Diagram showing the effects of hyperglycemia
			\| field = [[Endocrinology]]
			\| synonyms = High blood sugar
			\| symptoms = [[Polyuria]], [[polydipsia]], [[polyphagia]], [[blurred vision]], [[fatigue (medical)\|fatigue]]
			\| complications = [[Diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state]]
			\| onset = Gradual
			\| duration = Varies
			\| causes = [[Diabetes mellitus]], certain medications, [[stress (biology)\|stress]], [[infection]]
			\| risks = [[Obesity]], [[sedentary lifestyle]], [[family history]] of diabetes
			\| diagnosis = [[Blood glucose]] test
			\| differential = [[Hypoglycemia]], [[diabetes insipidus]], [[stress hyperglycemia]]
			\| prevention = [[Diet (nutrition)\|Dietary management]], [[exercise]], [[medication]] adherence
			\| treatment = [[Insulin therapy]], [[oral hypoglycemic agents]], lifestyle changes
			\| medication = [[Insulin]], [[metformin]], [[sulfonylureas]]
			\| prognosis = Variable, depends on management
			\| frequency = Common in people with [[diabetes mellitus]]
			}}
	'''Hyperglycemia''' is a medical condition characterized by an excess of glucose in the blood plasma. It is primarily seen in diabetes mellitus and is defined as a blood glucose level of greater than 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) when fasting or greater than 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) two hours after a meal.		'''Hyperglycemia''' is a medical condition characterized by an excess of glucose in the blood plasma. It is primarily seen in diabetes mellitus and is defined as a blood glucose level of greater than 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) when fasting or greater than 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) two hours after a meal.
	~~[[File:Hyperglycemia.png\|thumb\|Hyperglycemia]]~~
	== Physiology and Pathophysiology ==		== Physiology and Pathophysiology ==
	*Under normal circumstances, [[Blood glucose regulation]] is tightly controlled by insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels when they rise beyond a set point, and other hormones, such as glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol, increase blood glucose levels when they fall too low.		*Under normal circumstances, [[Blood glucose regulation]] is tightly controlled by insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels when they rise beyond a set point, and other hormones, such as glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol, increase blood glucose levels when they fall too low.
	*In [[diabetes mellitus]], the body either fails to produce enough insulin ([[Type 1 diabetes mellitus\|Type 1 diabetes]]) or fails to respond properly to insulin ([[Type 2 diabetes mellitus\|Type 2 diabetes]]), leading to hyperglycemia.		*In [[diabetes mellitus]], the body either fails to produce enough insulin ([[Type 1 diabetes mellitus\|Type 1 diabetes]]) or fails to respond properly to insulin ([[Type 2 diabetes mellitus\|Type 2 diabetes]]), leading to hyperglycemia.

	== Symptoms ==		== Symptoms ==
	Classic symptoms of hyperglycemia include polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), polyphagia (increased hunger), and unexplained weight loss. Other symptoms may include fatigue, blurred vision, slow healing of cuts or wounds, and frequent infections.		Classic symptoms of hyperglycemia include polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), polyphagia (increased hunger), and unexplained weight loss. Other symptoms may include fatigue, blurred vision, slow healing of cuts or wounds, and frequent infections.

	== Diagnosis ==		== Diagnosis ==
	The diagnosis of hyperglycemia is made by measuring blood glucose levels. This can be done using fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, or a random blood glucose test along with symptoms.		The diagnosis of hyperglycemia is made by measuring blood glucose levels. This can be done using fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, or a random blood glucose test along with symptoms.

	== Treatment ==		== Treatment ==
	Treatment of hyperglycemia is primarily through the use of insulin and other medications to lower blood glucose levels. In addition, lifestyle changes such as diet modification and exercise can also be effective in managing this condition.		Treatment of hyperglycemia is primarily through the use of insulin and other medications to lower blood glucose levels. In addition, lifestyle changes such as diet modification and exercise can also be effective in managing this condition.

	== Complications ==		== Complications ==
	Long-term, untreated hyperglycemia can lead to serious complications, including [[Diabetic retinopathy\|retinopathy]], [[Diabetic nephropathy\|nephropathy]], [[Diabetic neuropathy\|neuropathy]], and cardiovascular disease.		Long-term, untreated hyperglycemia can lead to serious complications, including [[Diabetic retinopathy\|retinopathy]], [[Diabetic nephropathy\|nephropathy]], [[Diabetic neuropathy\|neuropathy]], and cardiovascular disease.

	== References ==		== References ==
	* [[American Diabetes Association]]. (2019). Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in ~~Diabetes—2019~~. Diabetes Care, 42(Supplement 1), S13-S28.		* [[American Diabetes Association]]. (2019). Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes‚Äî2019. Diabetes Care, 42(Supplement 1), S13-S28.
	* Inzucchi, S. E., Bergenstal, R. M., Buse, J. B., Diamant, M., Ferrannini, E., Nauck, M., ... & Matthews, D. R. (2015). Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a *patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes care, 38(1), 140-149.		* Inzucchi, S. E., Bergenstal, R. M., Buse, J. B., Diamant, M., Ferrannini, E., Nauck, M., ... & Matthews, D. R. (2015). Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a *patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes care, 38(1), 140-149.
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Prab at 19:02, 1 June 2023

2023-06-01T19:02:54Z

New page

'''Hyperglycemia''' is a medical condition characterized by an excess of glucose in the blood plasma. It is primarily seen in diabetes mellitus and is defined as a blood glucose level of greater than 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) when fasting or greater than 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) two hours after a meal.
[[File:Hyperglycemia.png|thumb|Hyperglycemia]]
== Physiology and Pathophysiology ==
*Under normal circumstances, [[Blood glucose regulation]] is tightly controlled by insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels when they rise beyond a set point, and other hormones, such as glucagon, epinephrine, and cortisol, increase blood glucose levels when they fall too low.
*In [[diabetes mellitus]], the body either fails to produce enough insulin ([[Type 1 diabetes mellitus|Type 1 diabetes]]) or fails to respond properly to insulin ([[Type 2 diabetes mellitus|Type 2 diabetes]]), leading to hyperglycemia.

== Symptoms ==
Classic symptoms of hyperglycemia include polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), polyphagia (increased hunger), and unexplained weight loss. Other symptoms may include fatigue, blurred vision, slow healing of cuts or wounds, and frequent infections.

== Diagnosis ==
The diagnosis of hyperglycemia is made by measuring blood glucose levels. This can be done using fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, or a random blood glucose test along with symptoms.

== Treatment ==
Treatment of hyperglycemia is primarily through the use of insulin and other medications to lower blood glucose levels. In addition, lifestyle changes such as diet modification and exercise can also be effective in managing this condition.

== Complications ==
Long-term, untreated hyperglycemia can lead to serious complications, including [[Diabetic retinopathy|retinopathy]], [[Diabetic nephropathy|nephropathy]], [[Diabetic neuropathy|neuropathy]], and cardiovascular disease.

== References ==
* [[American Diabetes Association]]. (2019). Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019. Diabetes Care, 42(Supplement 1), S13-S28.
* Inzucchi, S. E., Bergenstal, R. M., Buse, J. B., Diamant, M., Ferrannini, E., Nauck, M., ... & Matthews, D. R. (2015). Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a *patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes care, 38(1), 140-149.
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{{Disease of the pancreas and glucose metabolism|state=expanded}}
{{Clinical biochemistry blood tests}}
[[Category:Endocrine diseases]]
[[Category:Diabetes]]
[[Category:Hyperglycemia]]

Hyperglycemia - Revision history

Prab: CSV import

Prab at 19:02, 1 June 2023