Hyperammonemia - Revision history

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			{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Hyperammonemia
			\| image = [[File:Ammonia_lone_electron_pair.svg\|left\|thumb\|Ammonia molecule]]
			\| caption = Structure of an ammonia molecule
			\| field = [[Hepatology]], [[Nephrology]], [[Genetics]]
			\| symptoms = [[Confusion]], [[lethargy]], [[vomiting]], [[seizures]], [[coma]]
			\| complications = [[Cerebral edema]], [[brain damage]]
			\| onset = Can be acute or chronic
			\| duration = Varies depending on cause
			\| causes = [[Liver disease]], [[urea cycle disorders]], [[medications]], [[infections]]
			\| risks = [[Genetic predisposition]], [[liver failure]], [[renal failure]]
			\| diagnosis = [[Blood ammonia level]], [[liver function tests]], [[genetic testing]]
			\| differential = [[Hepatic encephalopathy]], [[urea cycle disorder]], [[metabolic disorders]]
			\| treatment = [[Lactulose]], [[antibiotics]], [[dialysis]], [[liver transplant]]
			\| medication = [[Lactulose]], [[Rifaximin]], [[Sodium phenylbutyrate]]
			\| prognosis = Depends on underlying cause and treatment
			\| frequency = Rare
			}}
	'''Hyperammonemia''' is a metabolic disturbance characterized by an excess of [[ammonia]] in the [[blood]]. It is a dangerous condition that can lead to [[brain damage]] and/or [[death]]. It may be primary or secondary. Ammonia is a substance that contains [[nitrogen]]. It is a byproduct of the breakdown of [[protein]]. It can be caused by genetic disorders, liver disease, or certain medications.		'''Hyperammonemia''' is a metabolic disturbance characterized by an excess of [[ammonia]] in the [[blood]]. It is a dangerous condition that can lead to [[brain damage]] and/or [[death]]. It may be primary or secondary. Ammonia is a substance that contains [[nitrogen]]. It is a byproduct of the breakdown of [[protein]]. It can be caused by genetic disorders, liver disease, or certain medications.

	== Causes ==		== Causes ==
	Hyperammonemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:		Hyperammonemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

	* [[Genetic disorders]]: Certain genetic conditions can affect the body's ability to convert ammonia to [[urea]]. These include [[urea cycle disorders]] and organic acidemias.		* [[Genetic disorders]]: Certain genetic conditions can affect the body's ability to convert ammonia to [[urea]]. These include [[urea cycle disorders]] and organic acidemias.
	* [[Liver disease]]: Conditions such as [[cirrhosis]] or [[hepatitis]] can impair the liver's ability to remove toxins like ammonia from the body.		* [[Liver disease]]: Conditions such as [[cirrhosis]] or [[hepatitis]] can impair the liver's ability to remove toxins like ammonia from the body.
	* [[Medications]]: Some medications, such as [[valproic acid]] and certain [[chemotherapy]] drugs, can increase ammonia levels.		* [[Medications]]: Some medications, such as [[valproic acid]] and certain [[chemotherapy]] drugs, can increase ammonia levels.

	== Symptoms ==		== Symptoms ==
	Symptoms of hyperammonemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. They may include:		Symptoms of hyperammonemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. They may include:

	* [[Fatigue]]		* [[Fatigue]]
	* [[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]]		* [[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]]
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	* [[Seizures]]		* [[Seizures]]
	* [[Coma]]		* [[Coma]]

	== Diagnosis ==		== Diagnosis ==
	Hyperammonemia is diagnosed through a [[blood test]] that measures the level of ammonia in the blood. Additional tests may be needed to determine the underlying cause of the condition.		Hyperammonemia is diagnosed through a [[blood test]] that measures the level of ammonia in the blood. Additional tests may be needed to determine the underlying cause of the condition.

	== Treatment ==		== Treatment ==
	Treatment for hyperammonemia typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the condition. This may include:		Treatment for hyperammonemia typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the condition. This may include:

	* [[Medication]]: Drugs that reduce the amount of ammonia in the body, such as [[lactulose]] and [[rifaximin]], may be used.		* [[Medication]]: Drugs that reduce the amount of ammonia in the body, such as [[lactulose]] and [[rifaximin]], may be used.
	* [[Dietary changes]]: A diet low in protein may be recommended to reduce the amount of ammonia produced by the body.		* [[Dietary changes]]: A diet low in protein may be recommended to reduce the amount of ammonia produced by the body.
	* [[Dialysis]]: In severe cases, dialysis may be needed to remove excess ammonia from the blood.		* [[Dialysis]]: In severe cases, dialysis may be needed to remove excess ammonia from the blood.

	== See also ==		== See also ==
	* [[Urea cycle]]		* [[Urea cycle]]
	* [[Hepatic encephalopathy]]		* [[Hepatic encephalopathy]]
	* [[Inborn errors of metabolism]]		* [[Inborn errors of metabolism]]

	[[Category:Metabolic disorders]]		[[Category:Metabolic disorders]]
	[[Category:Genetic disorders]]		[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
	[[Category:Liver diseases]]		[[Category:Liver diseases]]

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	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Ammonia lone electron pair.svg\|Hyperammonemia~~
	~~</gallery>~~

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'''Hyperammonemia''' is a metabolic disturbance characterized by an excess of [[ammonia]] in the [[blood]]. It is a dangerous condition that can lead to [[brain damage]] and/or [[death]]. It may be primary or secondary. Ammonia is a substance that contains [[nitrogen]]. It is a byproduct of the breakdown of [[protein]]. It can be caused by genetic disorders, liver disease, or certain medications.

== Causes ==
Hyperammonemia can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

* [[Genetic disorders]]: Certain genetic conditions can affect the body's ability to convert ammonia to [[urea]]. These include [[urea cycle disorders]] and organic acidemias.
* [[Liver disease]]: Conditions such as [[cirrhosis]] or [[hepatitis]] can impair the liver's ability to remove toxins like ammonia from the body.
* [[Medications]]: Some medications, such as [[valproic acid]] and certain [[chemotherapy]] drugs, can increase ammonia levels.

== Symptoms ==
Symptoms of hyperammonemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. They may include:

* [[Fatigue]]
* [[Nausea]] and [[vomiting]]
* [[Confusion]] or [[disorientation]]
* [[Seizures]]
* [[Coma]]

== Diagnosis ==
Hyperammonemia is diagnosed through a [[blood test]] that measures the level of ammonia in the blood. Additional tests may be needed to determine the underlying cause of the condition.

== Treatment ==
Treatment for hyperammonemia typically involves addressing the underlying cause of the condition. This may include:

* [[Medication]]: Drugs that reduce the amount of ammonia in the body, such as [[lactulose]] and [[rifaximin]], may be used.
* [[Dietary changes]]: A diet low in protein may be recommended to reduce the amount of ammonia produced by the body.
* [[Dialysis]]: In severe cases, dialysis may be needed to remove excess ammonia from the blood.

== See also ==
* [[Urea cycle]]
* [[Hepatic encephalopathy]]
* [[Inborn errors of metabolism]]

[[Category:Metabolic disorders]]
[[Category:Genetic disorders]]
[[Category:Liver diseases]]

{{stub}}