https://wikimd.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=HydroxocobalaminHydroxocobalamin - Revision history2026-04-26T20:38:47ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.44.2https://wikimd.org/index.php?title=Hydroxocobalamin&diff=5539504&oldid=prevPrab: Text replacement - "Category:Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate" to ""2024-04-07T11:02:34Z<p>Text replacement - "<a href="/index.php?title=Category:Wikipedia_medicine_articles_ready_to_translate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate (page does not exist)">Category:Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate</a>" to ""</p>
<p><b>New page</b></p><div>== '''What is Hydroxocobalamin?''' ==<br />
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* Hydroxocobalamin is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. <br />
* As a supplement it is used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency including [[pernicious anemia]].<br />
* Other uses include treatment for [[cyanide poisoning]], [[Leber's hereditary optic atrophy|Leber's optic atrophy]], and [[toxic amblyopia]].<br />
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[[File:Hydroxocobalamin.svg|thumb|Hydroxocobalamin]]<br />
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[[File:Hydroxocobalamin ball-and-stick animation.gif|thumb|Hydroxocobalamin ball-and-stick animation]]<br />
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[[File:Hydroxocobalamin Injection.jpg|thumb|Hydroxocobalamin Injection]]<br />
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== '''What are the uses of this medicine?''' ==<br />
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Hydroxocobalamin is used in the treatment of:<br />
* [[Pernicious anemia]], both uncomplicated and accompanied by nervous system involvement.<br />
* Dietary deficiency of Vitamin B12, occurring in strict vegetarians and in their breast-fed infants.<br />
* [[Malabsorption]] of vitamin B12, resulting from structural or functional damage to the stomach.<br />
* Inadequate secretion of [[intrinsic factor]], resulting from lesions that destroy the [[gastric mucosa]].<br />
* Structural lesions leading to vitamin B12 deficiency include regional [[ileitis]], ileal resections, [[malignancies]], etc.<br />
* Competition for Vitamin B12 by intestinal parasites or bacteria.<br />
* Inadequate utilization of vitamin B12. <br />
* For the [[Schilling test|Schilling Test]].<br />
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== '''How does this medicine work?''' ==<br />
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* Vitamin B12 is '''essential to growth, cell reproduction, [[hematopoiesis]], nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis'''.<br />
* Fifty percent of the administered dose of hydroxocobalamin disappears from the injection site in 2.5 hours. <br />
* Hydroxocobalamin is bound to plasma proteins and stored in the liver. <br />
* It is excreted in the bile and undergoes some enterohepatic recycling. <br />
* Within 72 hours after injection of 500 to 1000 mcg of hydroxocobalamin, 16 to 66 percent of the injected dose may appear in the urine. <br />
* The major portion is excreted within the first 24 hours.<br />
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== '''Who Should Not Use this medicine ?''' ==<br />
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This medicine cannot be used:<br />
* [[Hypersensitivity]] to any component of this medication.<br />
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== '''What drug interactions can this medicine cause?''' ==<br />
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* Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.<br />
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== '''Is this medicine FDA approved?''' ==<br />
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* Hydroxocobalamin was first isolated in 1949. <br />
* It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.<br />
* Hydroxocobalamin is available as a generic medication.<br />
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== '''How should this medicine be used?''' ==<br />
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'''Recommended dosage:'''<br />
'''Treatment of Vitamin B12 Deficiency:'''<br />
* Thirty mcg daily for 5 to 10 days followed by 100 to 200 mcg monthly injected intramuscularly. <br />
* If the patient is critically ill, or has neurologic disease, an infectious disease or hyperthyroidism, considerably higher doses may be indicated.<br />
* Children may be given a total of 1 to 5 mg over a period of 2 or more weeks in doses of 100 mcg, then 30 to 50 mcg every 4 weeks for maintenance.<br />
* Patients who have normal intestinal absorption may be treated with an oral therapeutic multivitamin preparation, containing 15 mcg vitamin B12 daily.<br />
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'''Schilling Test:'''<br />
* The flushing dose is 1000 mcg.<br />
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'''Administration:'''<br />
* Hydroxocobalamin injection should be given only [[intramuscularly]].<br />
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== '''What are the dosage forms and brand names of this medicine?''' ==<br />
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This medicine is available in fallowing doasage form:<br />
* As Hydroxocobalamin Injection USP, 1000 mcg/mL is available in a 30 mL multiple dose vial, individually boxed.<br />
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This medicine is available in fallowing brand namesː<br />
* alpharedisol<br />
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=='''What side effects can this medication cause?'''==<br />
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The most common side effects of this medicine include:<br />
* [[diarrhea]]<br />
* itching<br />
* transitory [[exanthema]]<br />
* feeling of swelling of entire body<br />
* [[anaphylaxis]]<br />
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==''' What special precautions should I follow?''' ==<br />
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* Avoid the intravenous route.<br />
* [[Folic acid]] is not a substitute for vitamin B12 although it may improve vitamin B12 deficient [[megaloblastic anemia]]. Exclusive use of folic acid in treating vitamin B12 deficient megaloblastic anemia could result in progressive and irreversible neurologic damage.<br />
* [[Hypokalemia]] and [[thrombocytosis]] could occur upon conversion of severe megaloblastic to normal [[erythropoiesis]] with B12 therapy. Therefore, serum potassium levels and the [[platelet]] count should be monitored carefully during therapy.<br />
* Vitamin B12 deficiency may suppress the signs of [[polycythemia vera]]. Treatment with vitamin B12 may unmask this condition.<br />
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== '''What to do in case of emergency/overdose?''' ==<br />
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* {{overdose}}<br />
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== '''Can this medicine be used in pregnancy?''' ==<br />
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* Pregnancy Category C.<br />
* It is also not known whether hydroxocobalamin can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Hydroxocobalamin should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.<br />
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=='''Can this medicine be used in children?'''==<br />
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* Safety and effectiveness for pediatric patients have been established.<br />
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== '''What are the active and inactive ingredients in this medicine?''' ==<br />
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'''Active Ingredient:'''<br />
* HYDROXOCOBALAMIN ACETATE<br />
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'''Inactive Ingredients:'''<br />
* SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS<br />
* ACETIC ACID<br />
* SODIUM CHLORIDE<br />
* METHYLPARABEN<br />
* PROPYLPARABEN<br />
* WATER<br />
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== '''Who manufactures and distributes this medicine?''' ==<br />
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'''Manufactured by:'''<br />
* [[Hikma Farmaceutica, (Portugal) S.a.|Hikma Farmaceutica]] (Portugal)<br />
* S.A. Terrugem SNT, Portugal<br />
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'''Distributed by:'''<br />
* [[Actavis Pharma Development Centre Pvt. Ltd|Actavis Pharma, Inc.]]<br />
* Parsippany, NJ USA<br />
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== '''What should I know about storage and disposal of this medication?''' ==<br />
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* Store at 20°-25°C (68°-77°F). <br />
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[[Category:Antidotes]]<br />
[[Category:B vitamins]]<br />
[[Category:Pfizer brands]]<br />
[[Category:Merck brands]]<br />
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[[Category:Tetrapyrroles]]<br />
[[Category:Vitamin B12]]</div>Prab