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[[File:Hydnum_rufescens_20070927w.JPG|thumb|Hydnum rufescens 20070927w]] '''Hydnum rufescens''', commonly known as the terracotta hedgehog, is a species of [[mushroom]] belonging to the family [[Hydnaceae]]. This [[fungus]] is notable for its distinctive spore-bearing structures which resemble tiny spines or teeth, rather than the gills found on more familiar mushrooms. The terracotta hedgehog is found in various parts of the world, thriving in both deciduous and coniferous forests where it forms [[symbiotic relationships]] with trees through [[mycorrhiza]], a mutualistic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant.

==Description==
Hydnum rufescens mushrooms feature a cap that can range in color from pale orange to a deeper reddish-brown, which is where the name "terracotta" originates. The cap typically measures between 5 to 15 cm in diameter and has a somewhat irregular, wavy edge. The underside of the cap is covered in soft, downward-pointing spines, which are white to light orange in color. These spines, which can be up to 6 mm long, release spores when mature. The stem of the mushroom is sturdy, white to light orange, and can grow up to 6 cm tall.

==Habitat and Distribution==
Hydnum rufescens is widely distributed across North America, Europe, and parts of Asia. It prefers temperate forests, especially those dominated by oak, beech, and pine. The mushroom grows on the ground, often in mossy areas, from late summer to fall. It is considered ectomycorrhizal, forming beneficial relationships with the roots of living trees, which helps in nutrient exchange and enhances the growth and health of both partners.

==Culinary Use==
The terracotta hedgehog is edible and valued for its firm texture and mild, nutty flavor. It is used in a variety of culinary dishes, including soups, stews, and sautés. Before cooking, the spines are typically removed to avoid texture issues. It is important to properly identify this mushroom, as there are look-alikes in the wild; however, the distinctive spines on the underside of the cap help distinguish it from potentially harmful species.

==Conservation==
While Hydnum rufescens is not currently listed as endangered or threatened, its reliance on forest ecosystems makes it vulnerable to habitat destruction and the effects of climate change. Conservation efforts aimed at preserving natural forests and promoting biodiversity are crucial to the survival of this species and its ecological niche.

==See Also==
* [[Mycorrhiza]]
* [[Edible mushrooms]]
* [[Fungal ecology]]

[[Category:Fungi]]
[[Category:Edible fungi]]
{{Mushroom-stub}}

Hydnum rufescens - Revision history

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