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2025-02-18T05:04:32Z

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			<gallery>
			File:Labled_diagram_of_the_muscles_of_the_human_back.svg\|Labeled diagram of the muscles of the human back
			File:Edgar_Germain_Hilaire_Degas_029.jpg\|Edgar Germain Hilaire Degas painting
			File:Scourged_back_by_McPherson_&_Oliver,_1863,_retouched.jpg\|Scourged back by McPherson & Oliver, 1863
			File:Thai_tattoo_Chiang_Mai_2005_058.jpg\|Thai tattoo, Chiang Mai, 2005
			</gallery>

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2024-02-22T03:04:08Z

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'''Human back''' refers to the large posterior area of the [[human body]], rising from the top of the [[buttocks]] to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface of the body opposite from the [[chest]]. The vertebral column runs the length of the back and creates a central area of recession. The breadth of the back is created by the shoulders at the top and the pelvis at the bottom.

== Anatomy ==

The back comprises the [[vertebral column]], which houses the [[spinal cord]], a part of the [[central nervous system]]. It also includes the [[ribs]] that extend from the spine. The back is supported by the muscular system which includes the [[latissimus dorsi]], [[rhomboids]], and [[trapezius]] muscles.

=== Vertebral column ===

The [[vertebral column]] is a column usually consisting of 24 articulating vertebrae, and 9 fused vertebrae in the sacrum and the coccyx. It is situated in the dorsal aspect of the torso, separated by intervertebral discs. It houses and protects the [[spinal cord]] in its spinal canal.

=== Muscular system ===

The [[muscular system]] of the back includes several layers of muscle. The superficial layer, the extrinsic muscles, move the shoulder blades and provide connections from the limbs to the trunk. They include trapezius, latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, and rhomboids. The deep layer, the intrinsic muscles, support and rotate the spine.

== Health and pathology ==

Back pain is a common problem, often caused by poor posture while sitting or standing, bending awkwardly, or lifting incorrectly. It's usually caused by minor damage to the ligaments and muscles in the back. The [[spinal cord]] is also susceptible to a number of pathologies, including [[spinal cord injury]], [[spina bifida]], [[scoliosis]], and [[spinal disc herniation]].

== See also ==

* [[Spinal cord]]
* [[Vertebral column]]
* [[Back pain]]
* [[Muscular system]]

[[Category:Anatomy]]
[[Category:Human body]]
[[Category:Health]]

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Human back - Revision history

Prab: CSV import

Prab: CSV import