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2025-02-18T11:06:19Z

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← Older revision		Revision as of 11:06, 18 February 2025
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	[[Category:Microbiology]]		[[Category:Microbiology]]
	[[Category:Evolution]]		[[Category:Evolution]]
			<gallery>
			File:Tree_Of_Life_(with_horizontal_gene_transfer).svg\|Tree of Life with Horizontal Gene Transfer
			File:Xenology.svg\|Xenology
			File:Transformation_HGT_in_Bacteria.svg\|Transformation HGT in Bacteria
			File:Conjugation_HGT_in_Bacteria.svg\|Conjugation HGT in Bacteria
			File:Bacterial_conjugation.png\|Bacterial Conjugation
			File:Artificial_Bacterial_Transformation.svg\|Artificial Bacterial Transformation
			</gallery>

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2024-02-22T16:58:50Z

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'''Horizontal gene transfer''' (HGT) or '''lateral gene transfer''' (LGT) is the movement of [[genetic material]] between [[unicellular]] and/or [[multicellular]] organisms other than by the ("vertical") transmission of [[DNA]] from parent to offspring (reproduction). HGT is an important factor in the evolution of many organisms.

==Overview==
Horizontal gene transfer is the primary reason for [[bacterial]] [[genetic diversity]]. HGT allows the beneficial characteristics of one species to be used by others. This can lead to the rapid spread of drug resistance among pathogenic bacteria.

==Mechanisms==
There are three primary mechanisms of HGT: [[transformation]], [[transduction]], and [[conjugation]].

===Transformation===
[[Transformation]] is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s).

===Transduction===
[[Transduction]] happens when a [[bacteriophage]] carries bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another in the process of infection.

===Conjugation===
[[Conjugation]] is the transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another, following cell-to-cell contact, usually initiated by a special pilus.

==Role in evolution==
HGT has been shown to be an important factor in the evolution of many organisms. It can be involved in the spread of antibiotic resistance, as when the genes that confer resistance can be transferred between bacteria.

==See also==
* [[Gene transfer]]
* [[Genetic recombination]]
* [[Genetic engineering]]

==References==
<references />

{{stub}}

[[Category:Genetics]]
[[Category:Microbiology]]
[[Category:Evolution]]

Horizontal gene transfer - Revision history

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