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			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Hemoperitoneum
			\| synonyms = [[Hemoperitoneum\|Haemoperitoneum]], [[Intra-abdominal bleeding]]
			\| field = [[Emergency medicine]], [[Surgery]]
			\| symptoms = [[Abdominal pain]], [[abdominal distension]], [[hypotension]], [[tachycardia]]
			\| complications = [[Hypovolemic shock]], [[peritonitis]]
			\| onset = Sudden
			\| duration = Variable, depending on cause and treatment
			\| causes = [[Trauma]], [[ruptured ectopic pregnancy]], [[ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm]], [[liver laceration]], [[splenic rupture]]
			\| risks = [[Anticoagulation therapy]], [[coagulopathy]], [[abdominal surgery]]
			\| diagnosis = [[Ultrasound]], [[CT scan]], [[diagnostic peritoneal lavage]]
			\| differential = [[Ascites]], [[peritonitis]], [[gastrointestinal bleeding]]
			\| treatment = [[Fluid resuscitation]], [[blood transfusion]], [[surgical intervention]]
			\| prognosis = Depends on cause and timeliness of treatment
			\| frequency = Variable, depending on population and risk factors
			}}
	'''Hemoperitoneum''' refers to the presence of [[blood]] within the [[peritoneal cavity]], the area that contains the abdominal organs. This condition can result from various causes, including trauma, [[ruptured ectopic pregnancy]], [[splenic rupture]], and complications from medical procedures. Hemoperitoneum is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention to identify and treat the underlying cause.		'''Hemoperitoneum''' refers to the presence of [[blood]] within the [[peritoneal cavity]], the area that contains the abdominal organs. This condition can result from various causes, including trauma, [[ruptured ectopic pregnancy]], [[splenic rupture]], and complications from medical procedures. Hemoperitoneum is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention to identify and treat the underlying cause.

	==Causes==		==Causes==
	Hemoperitoneum can be caused by several factors, which can be broadly classified into traumatic and non-traumatic origins.		Hemoperitoneum can be caused by several factors, which can be broadly classified into traumatic and non-traumatic origins.

	===Traumatic===		===Traumatic===
	Trauma is a common cause of hemoperitoneum, often resulting from:		Trauma is a common cause of hemoperitoneum, often resulting from:
	* [[Blunt abdominal trauma]], such as from a car accident or fall		* [[Blunt abdominal trauma]], such as from a car accident or fall
	* [[Penetrating trauma]], such as stab or gunshot wounds		* [[Penetrating trauma]], such as stab or gunshot wounds

	===Non-Traumatic===		===Non-Traumatic===
	Non-traumatic causes of hemoperitoneum include:		Non-traumatic causes of hemoperitoneum include:
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	* [[Gynecological disorders]], such as [[ovarian cyst]] rupture or [[endometriosis]]		* [[Gynecological disorders]], such as [[ovarian cyst]] rupture or [[endometriosis]]
	* Complications from medical or surgical procedures		* Complications from medical or surgical procedures

	==Symptoms==		==Symptoms==
	Symptoms of hemoperitoneum can vary depending on the amount of blood loss and the rate at which it occurs. Common symptoms include:		Symptoms of hemoperitoneum can vary depending on the amount of blood loss and the rate at which it occurs. Common symptoms include:
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	* Signs of [[shock]] (e.g., low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, dizziness)		* Signs of [[shock]] (e.g., low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, dizziness)
	* [[Referred pain]] to the shoulder (Kehr's sign), indicating irritation of the diaphragm		* [[Referred pain]] to the shoulder (Kehr's sign), indicating irritation of the diaphragm

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==
	Diagnosis of hemoperitoneum involves a combination of clinical assessment and diagnostic tests, including:		Diagnosis of hemoperitoneum involves a combination of clinical assessment and diagnostic tests, including:
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	* [[Computed tomography (CT) scan]], offering detailed images of the abdominal organs and potential sources of bleeding		* [[Computed tomography (CT) scan]], offering detailed images of the abdominal organs and potential sources of bleeding
	* [[Diagnostic peritoneal lavage]] (DPL) or [[Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma]] (FAST) in emergency settings		* [[Diagnostic peritoneal lavage]] (DPL) or [[Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma]] (FAST) in emergency settings

	==Treatment==		==Treatment==
	Treatment of hemoperitoneum aims to stabilize the patient and address the underlying cause of bleeding. Initial management includes:		Treatment of hemoperitoneum aims to stabilize the patient and address the underlying cause of bleeding. Initial management includes:
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	* [[Surgery]] to repair the source of bleeding, which may involve [[laparotomy]] or [[laparoscopy]]		* [[Surgery]] to repair the source of bleeding, which may involve [[laparotomy]] or [[laparoscopy]]
	* In some cases, [[angiography]] with [[embolization]] may be used to control bleeding without open surgery		* In some cases, [[angiography]] with [[embolization]] may be used to control bleeding without open surgery

	==Prognosis==		==Prognosis==
	The prognosis of hemoperitoneum depends on the cause, the amount of blood loss, and the timeliness of treatment. Early detection and treatment are crucial for a favorable outcome.		The prognosis of hemoperitoneum depends on the cause, the amount of blood loss, and the timeliness of treatment. Early detection and treatment are crucial for a favorable outcome.

	==Prevention==		==Prevention==
	Preventing hemoperitoneum involves minimizing risk factors for the underlying causes, such as using seat belts to prevent injuries from car accidents and managing chronic liver diseases to prevent complications.		Preventing hemoperitoneum involves minimizing risk factors for the underlying causes, such as using seat belts to prevent injuries from car accidents and managing chronic liver diseases to prevent complications.

	[[Category:Medical emergencies]]		[[Category:Medical emergencies]]
	[[Category:Abdominal injuries]]		[[Category:Abdominal injuries]]
	[[Category:Gastroenterology]]		[[Category:Gastroenterology]]

	{{Medicine-stub}}		{{Medicine-stub}}

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2024-03-22T09:04:55Z

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'''Hemoperitoneum''' refers to the presence of [[blood]] within the [[peritoneal cavity]], the area that contains the abdominal organs. This condition can result from various causes, including trauma, [[ruptured ectopic pregnancy]], [[splenic rupture]], and complications from medical procedures. Hemoperitoneum is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention to identify and treat the underlying cause.

==Causes==
Hemoperitoneum can be caused by several factors, which can be broadly classified into traumatic and non-traumatic origins.

===Traumatic===
Trauma is a common cause of hemoperitoneum, often resulting from:
* [[Blunt abdominal trauma]], such as from a car accident or fall
* [[Penetrating trauma]], such as stab or gunshot wounds

===Non-Traumatic===
Non-traumatic causes of hemoperitoneum include:
* [[Ruptured ectopic pregnancy]], where a fertilized egg implants outside the uterus
* [[Splenic rupture]], which can occur spontaneously or due to underlying conditions like [[mononucleosis]] or [[malaria]]
* [[Liver diseases]], including [[hepatocellular carcinoma]] or liver [[metastasis]]
* [[Gynecological disorders]], such as [[ovarian cyst]] rupture or [[endometriosis]]
* Complications from medical or surgical procedures

==Symptoms==
Symptoms of hemoperitoneum can vary depending on the amount of blood loss and the rate at which it occurs. Common symptoms include:
* [[Abdominal pain]] or tenderness
* [[Abdominal distension]]
* Signs of [[shock]] (e.g., low blood pressure, rapid heart rate, dizziness)
* [[Referred pain]] to the shoulder (Kehr's sign), indicating irritation of the diaphragm

==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis of hemoperitoneum involves a combination of clinical assessment and diagnostic tests, including:
* [[Physical examination]], focusing on abdominal tenderness and signs of internal bleeding
* [[Ultrasound]], which can quickly identify free fluid in the abdomen
* [[Computed tomography (CT) scan]], offering detailed images of the abdominal organs and potential sources of bleeding
* [[Diagnostic peritoneal lavage]] (DPL) or [[Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma]] (FAST) in emergency settings

==Treatment==
Treatment of hemoperitoneum aims to stabilize the patient and address the underlying cause of bleeding. Initial management includes:
* [[Fluid resuscitation]] to maintain blood pressure and organ perfusion
* [[Blood transfusion]] if significant blood loss has occurred
* [[Surgery]] to repair the source of bleeding, which may involve [[laparotomy]] or [[laparoscopy]]
* In some cases, [[angiography]] with [[embolization]] may be used to control bleeding without open surgery

==Prognosis==
The prognosis of hemoperitoneum depends on the cause, the amount of blood loss, and the timeliness of treatment. Early detection and treatment are crucial for a favorable outcome.

==Prevention==
Preventing hemoperitoneum involves minimizing risk factors for the underlying causes, such as using seat belts to prevent injuries from car accidents and managing chronic liver diseases to prevent complications.

[[Category:Medical emergencies]]
[[Category:Abdominal injuries]]
[[Category:Gastroenterology]]

{{Medicine-stub}}

Hemoperitoneum - Revision history

Prab: CSV import

Prab: CSV import