Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder - Revision history

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			{{SI}}
			{{Infobox medical condition
			\| name = Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder
			\| image = [[File:Red-blue-noise.gif\|250px]]
			\| caption = Visual disturbances such as [[visual snow]] are characteristic of HPPD.
			\| field = [[Psychiatry]]
			\| symptoms = [[Visual snow]], [[afterimage]]s, [[trailing]], [[halos]], [[macropsia]], [[micropsia]]
			\| onset = After use of [[hallucinogen]]s
			\| duration = Can be [[chronic]]
			\| causes = Use of [[psychedelic]] drugs such as [[LSD]], [[psilocybin]], [[mescaline]], [[MDMA]]
			\| risks = Previous use of hallucinogens
			\| diagnosis = Based on [[clinical history]] and [[symptoms]]
			\| differential = [[Schizophrenia]], [[migraine]], [[epilepsy]], [[anxiety disorder]]
			\| treatment = [[Benzodiazepines]], [[anticonvulsants]], [[antipsychotics]]
			\| prognosis = Varies; some cases resolve, others persist
			\| frequency = Rare, exact prevalence unknown
			}}
	'''Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD)''' is a condition characterized by a continual presence of sensory disturbances, most commonly visual, that are reminiscent of those generated by the use of hallucinogenic substances. Individuals with HPPD experience these disturbances without recent use of hallucinogens. The disorder disrupts daily life for the affected individuals, making it difficult for them to perform routine tasks.		'''Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD)''' is a condition characterized by a continual presence of sensory disturbances, most commonly visual, that are reminiscent of those generated by the use of hallucinogenic substances. Individuals with HPPD experience these disturbances without recent use of hallucinogens. The disorder disrupts daily life for the affected individuals, making it difficult for them to perform routine tasks.

	==Symptoms==		==Symptoms==
	The primary symptom of HPPD is the persistent re-experiencing of visual phenomena that resemble those produced by the ingestion of hallucinogenic substances. These can include:		The primary symptom of HPPD is the persistent re-experiencing of visual phenomena that resemble those produced by the ingestion of hallucinogenic substances. These can include:
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	* [[Palinopsia]] (abnormal persistence or recurrence of images after the object is out of the field of vision)		* [[Palinopsia]] (abnormal persistence or recurrence of images after the object is out of the field of vision)
	* [[Micropsia]] and [[macropsia]] (objects appear smaller or larger than normal, respectively)		* [[Micropsia]] and [[macropsia]] (objects appear smaller or larger than normal, respectively)

	These symptoms can vary in intensity and may be exacerbated by stress, lack of sleep, or other stimuli.		These symptoms can vary in intensity and may be exacerbated by stress, lack of sleep, or other stimuli.

	==Causes==		==Causes==
	The exact cause of HPPD is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from alterations in brain chemistry or structure following the use of hallucinogenic drugs. Substances commonly associated with HPPD include:		The exact cause of HPPD is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from alterations in brain chemistry or structure following the use of hallucinogenic drugs. Substances commonly associated with HPPD include:
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	* [[MDMA]] (ecstasy)		* [[MDMA]] (ecstasy)
	* [[Cannabis]] (marijuana)		* [[Cannabis]] (marijuana)

	==Diagnosis==		==Diagnosis==
	Diagnosis of HPPD is primarily based on the patient's history and symptoms, as there are no specific tests for the disorder. It is important to differentiate HPPD from other conditions that may cause similar symptoms, such as [[migraine]]s, [[epilepsy]], or other neurological disorders.		Diagnosis of HPPD is primarily based on the patient's history and symptoms, as there are no specific tests for the disorder. It is important to differentiate HPPD from other conditions that may cause similar symptoms, such as [[migraine]]s, [[epilepsy]], or other neurological disorders.

	==Treatment==		==Treatment==
	Treatment for HPPD is largely symptomatic and may include:		Treatment for HPPD is largely symptomatic and may include:
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	* [[Antidepressants]]		* [[Antidepressants]]
	* Counseling or [[psychotherapy]]		* Counseling or [[psychotherapy]]

	Lifestyle changes, such as reducing stress and avoiding substances that can trigger symptoms, are also recommended.		Lifestyle changes, such as reducing stress and avoiding substances that can trigger symptoms, are also recommended.

	==Prognosis==		==Prognosis==
	The prognosis for individuals with HPPD varies. Some individuals may experience a gradual improvement in symptoms over time, while others may have persistent symptoms that interfere with their quality of life.		The prognosis for individuals with HPPD varies. Some individuals may experience a gradual improvement in symptoms over time, while others may have persistent symptoms that interfere with their quality of life.

	==Epidemiology==		==Epidemiology==
	The prevalence of HPPD is not well-documented, but it is considered a rare disorder. It is most commonly reported among individuals with a history of frequent hallucinogen use.		The prevalence of HPPD is not well-documented, but it is considered a rare disorder. It is most commonly reported among individuals with a history of frequent hallucinogen use.

	==History==		==History==
	The phenomenon now known as HPPD was first documented in the medical literature in the 1950s, with increased recognition following the widespread use of hallucinogens in the 1960s and 1970s.		The phenomenon now known as HPPD was first documented in the medical literature in the 1950s, with increased recognition following the widespread use of hallucinogens in the 1960s and 1970s.

	==See Also==		==See Also==
	* [[Psychedelic drug]]		* [[Psychedelic drug]]
	* [[Visual perception]]		* [[Visual perception]]
	* [[Substance use disorder]]		* [[Substance use disorder]]

	[[Category:Neurological disorders]]		[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
	[[Category:Psychiatric diagnosis]]		[[Category:Psychiatric diagnosis]]
	[[Category:Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants]]		[[Category:Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants]]

	{{medicine-stub}}		{{medicine-stub}}
	~~<gallery>~~
	~~File:Red-blue-noise.gif\|Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder~~
	~~</gallery>~~

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			<gallery>
			File:Red-blue-noise.gif\|Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder
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2024-03-17T17:42:06Z

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'''Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder (HPPD)''' is a condition characterized by a continual presence of sensory disturbances, most commonly visual, that are reminiscent of those generated by the use of hallucinogenic substances. Individuals with HPPD experience these disturbances without recent use of hallucinogens. The disorder disrupts daily life for the affected individuals, making it difficult for them to perform routine tasks.

==Symptoms==
The primary symptom of HPPD is the persistent re-experiencing of visual phenomena that resemble those produced by the ingestion of hallucinogenic substances. These can include:
* [[Visual snow]] or static
* [[Afterimages]] or trailing images
* [[Halos]] around objects
* [[Geometric hallucinations]]
* Intensified colors
* [[Palinopsia]] (abnormal persistence or recurrence of images after the object is out of the field of vision)
* [[Micropsia]] and [[macropsia]] (objects appear smaller or larger than normal, respectively)

These symptoms can vary in intensity and may be exacerbated by stress, lack of sleep, or other stimuli.

==Causes==
The exact cause of HPPD is not fully understood, but it is believed to result from alterations in brain chemistry or structure following the use of hallucinogenic drugs. Substances commonly associated with HPPD include:
* [[Lysergic acid diethylamide]] (LSD)
* [[Psilocybin]] (magic mushrooms)
* [[Mescaline]] (peyote)
* [[MDMA]] (ecstasy)
* [[Cannabis]] (marijuana)

==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis of HPPD is primarily based on the patient's history and symptoms, as there are no specific tests for the disorder. It is important to differentiate HPPD from other conditions that may cause similar symptoms, such as [[migraine]]s, [[epilepsy]], or other neurological disorders.

==Treatment==
Treatment for HPPD is largely symptomatic and may include:
* [[Antipsychotic medications]]
* [[Benzodiazepines]]
* [[Antidepressants]]
* Counseling or [[psychotherapy]]

Lifestyle changes, such as reducing stress and avoiding substances that can trigger symptoms, are also recommended.

==Prognosis==
The prognosis for individuals with HPPD varies. Some individuals may experience a gradual improvement in symptoms over time, while others may have persistent symptoms that interfere with their quality of life.

==Epidemiology==
The prevalence of HPPD is not well-documented, but it is considered a rare disorder. It is most commonly reported among individuals with a history of frequent hallucinogen use.

==History==
The phenomenon now known as HPPD was first documented in the medical literature in the 1950s, with increased recognition following the widespread use of hallucinogens in the 1960s and 1970s.

==See Also==
* [[Psychedelic drug]]
* [[Visual perception]]
* [[Substance use disorder]]

[[Category:Neurological disorders]]
[[Category:Psychiatric diagnosis]]
[[Category:Psychedelics, dissociatives and deliriants]]

{{medicine-stub}}