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	~~[[File:Telomeres 01.jpg~~\|~~thumb\|right\|HCT116 cells stained for [[H2AFX\|γ‐H2AX]] (green) and [[Telomere\|telomeric]] [[DNA]] (red)]]~~		{{Short description\|Human colorectal carcinoma cell line}}

	'''HCT116''' is a human [[~~colon cancer~~]] [[cell line]] used in ~~therapeutic~~ research and ~~drug screenings.<ref name=one>{{cite journal\|title=Characterization~~ of ~~HCT116 Human Colon Cancer Cells~~ in ~~an Orthotopic Model\|journal=Journal~~ of ~~Surgical Research\|date=15 June 2008\|doi=10.1016/j.jss.2007.04~~.~~021\|pmid=17961596\|volume=147\|issue=2\|pages=276–281\|first1=Ashwani\|last1=Rajput\|display-authors=etal}}</ref>~~		==Overview==
			'''HCT116 cells''' are a [[human]] [[colorectal carcinoma]] [[cell line]] that is widely used in [[cancer research]]. These cells are derived from a [[colorectal cancer]] patient and are known for their utility in studying the [[molecular biology]] of [[cancer]], particularly in the context of [[colorectal cancer]].

	==Characteristics==		==Characteristics==
	HCT116 cells ~~have a mutation in codon 13 of the [[KRAS]] [[Oncogene#Proto-oncogene\|proto-oncogene]], and~~ are ~~suitable~~ [[~~transfection~~]] ~~targets for gene therapy research.<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.atcc.org/products/all/CCL-247.aspx\|publisher=ATCC\|access-date=4 May 2018\|title=HCT 116 }}</ref> The cells have an epithelial~~ morphology and ~~can metastasize~~ in [[~~xenograft~~]] ~~models~~.~~<ref name=one /> When~~ [[~~Transduction (genetics)\|transducted~~]] ~~with~~ [[~~viral vectors~~]] ~~carrying the~~ [[~~p53~~]] ~~gene,~~ HCT116 cells ~~remain arrested~~ in ~~the~~ [[~~G1 phase~~]]~~.<ref>{{cite journal\|title= Regulation of p53 Stability~~ and Function in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells\|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022480407002788\|date=9 December 2003\|doi=10.1074/jbc.M311732200\|first1=Matthias\|last1=Kaeser\|display-authors=etal\|journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry\|volume=279\|issue=9\|pages=7598–7605}}</ref> The proliferation of HCT116 colonies was found to be inhibited by 5-Fu/P85 copolymer micelles.<ref>{{cite journal\|title=Inhibition of Growth and Metastasis of Colon Cancer by Delivering 5-Fluorouracil-loaded Pluronic P85 Copolymer Micelles\|first1=Pengxi\|last1=Zhu\|journal=Scientific Reports\|volume=6\|pages=20896\|date=11 February 2016\|doi=10.1038/srep20896\|pmid=26864651\|pmc=4750032}}</ref> Furthermore, ~~it was found that~~ the [[~~Gene knockout\|knockout~~]] of [[~~MARCH2~~]] ~~limited growth of HCT116 cells via stress on the~~ [[~~endoplasmic reticulum~~]].<ref>{{cite journal\|title=Knockout of MARCH2 inhibits the growth of HCT116 colon cancer cells by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress\|first1=Dan\|last1=Xia\|doi=10.1038/cddis.2017.347\|pmid=28749466\|journal=Cell Death and Disease\|volume=8\|issue=7\|pages=e2957\|date=27 July 2017\|pmc=5584615}}</ref>		HCT116 cells are characterized by their [[epithelial]] morphology and their ability to grow in [[adherent]] cultures. They are [[aneuploid]], meaning they have an abnormal number of [[chromosomes]], which is a common feature in [[cancer cells]]. HCT116 cells are known to have mutations in several key [[oncogenes]] and [[tumor suppressor genes]], including the [[KRAS]] and [[PIK3CA]] genes, which are frequently mutated in [[colorectal cancer]].

	==~~Use~~ in ~~research~~==		==Applications in Research==
	HCT116 cells are used in ~~a variety~~ of ~~biomedical studies involving colon cancer proliferation and corresponding inhibitors. The cell line has been used in~~ [[~~Carcinogenesis\|tumorigenicity~~]] ~~studies~~, ~~along with other research that has shown that~~ [[~~Cyclin D1~~]] ~~holds large importance~~ for the ~~activity~~ of ~~lithocholic acid hydroxyamide. HCT116 cells can also function in~~ [[~~xenografts~~]]~~, with~~ [[~~docetaxel~~]], [[~~5-FU~~]]~~, and~~ [[~~flavopiridol~~]] ~~limiting tumor growth ''in vitro''~~.		HCT116 cells are extensively used in [[cancer research]] to study the [[mechanisms]] of [[tumorigenesis]], [[drug resistance]], and [[cell signaling]] pathways. They serve as a model system for testing the efficacy of [[anticancer drugs]] and for understanding the [[genetic]] and [[epigenetic]] changes that occur in [[cancer cells]].

	The HCT116 ~~cell line was found to have two variations; one with~~ a ~~large expression~~ of ~~the Insp8 gene, and the other without~~. ~~The Insp8 gene is part of a cell's~~ [[~~energy metabolism~~]] ~~process,~~ and ~~can affect the cellular~~ [[~~phenotype~~]] ~~as a result.<ref>{{cite journal\|title=Inositol Pyrophosphate Profiling of Two~~ HCT116 ~~Cell Lines Uncovers Variation in InsP8 Levels\|journal=PLOS ONE\|volume=11\|issue=10\|pages=e0165286\|date=27 October 2016\|doi=10.1371/journal~~.~~pone.0165286\|pmid=27788189\|pmc=5082907\|first1=Chunfang\|last1=Gu}}</ref>~~		===Genetic Studies===
			The genetic profile of HCT116 cells makes them a valuable tool for studying the role of specific [[genes]] in [[cancer development]]. Researchers often use [[CRISPR-Cas9]] and other [[gene editing]] technologies to manipulate genes in HCT116 cells to investigate their function.

	==~~References~~==		===Drug Testing===
	~~{{Reflist\|2}}~~		HCT116 cells are commonly used in [[high-throughput screening]] assays to evaluate the [[cytotoxicity]] and [[therapeutic potential]] of new [[anticancer agents]]. Their response to [[chemotherapy]] and [[targeted therapies]] provides insights into the mechanisms of [[drug action]] and [[resistance]].

	==~~External Links~~==		==Culturing HCT116 Cells==
	*[~~https://web~~.~~expasy~~.~~org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0291 Cellosaurus entry for HCT116]~~		HCT116 cells are typically cultured in [[Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium]] (DMEM) supplemented with [[fetal bovine serum]] (FBS) and [[antibiotics]] to prevent [[contamination]]. They require a [[humidified]] atmosphere with 5% [[carbon dioxide]] at 37°C for optimal growth.

	[[~~Category: Human~~ cell lines]]		==Related Cell Lines==
	[[~~Category:Cancer~~]]		HCT116 cells are part of a larger group of [[colorectal cancer cell lines]] that are used in research, including [[SW480]], [[HT-29]], and [[Caco-2]] cells. Each of these cell lines has unique genetic and phenotypic characteristics that make them suitable for different types of studies.
	[[~~Category:Oncogenes~~]]

			==Related Pages==
			* [[Colorectal cancer]]
			* [[Cell line]]
			* [[Cancer research]]
			* [[KRAS]]
			* [[PIK3CA]]
			* [[Gene editing]]

	~~{{oncology-stub}}~~		[[Category:Cell lines]]
	~~{{genetics-stub}}~~		[[Category:Colorectal cancer]]
	~~{{dictionary-stub1}}~~		[[Category:Cancer research]]

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[[File:Telomeres 01.jpg|thumb|right|HCT116 cells stained for [[H2AFX|γ‐H2AX]] (green) and [[Telomere|telomeric]] [[DNA]] (red)]]

'''HCT116''' is a human [[colon cancer]] [[cell line]] used in therapeutic research and drug screenings.<ref name=one>{{cite journal|title=Characterization of HCT116 Human Colon Cancer Cells in an Orthotopic Model|journal=Journal of Surgical Research|date=15 June 2008|doi=10.1016/j.jss.2007.04.021|pmid=17961596|volume=147|issue=2|pages=276–281|first1=Ashwani|last1=Rajput|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

==Characteristics==
HCT116 cells have a mutation in codon 13 of the [[KRAS]] [[Oncogene#Proto-oncogene|proto-oncogene]], and are suitable [[transfection]] targets for gene therapy research.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.atcc.org/products/all/CCL-247.aspx|publisher=ATCC|access-date=4 May 2018|title=HCT 116 }}</ref> The cells have an epithelial morphology and can metastasize in [[xenograft]] models.<ref name=one /> When [[Transduction (genetics)|transducted]] with [[viral vectors]] carrying the [[p53]] gene, HCT116 cells remain arrested in the [[G1 phase]].<ref>{{cite journal|title= Regulation of p53 Stability and Function in HCT116 Colon Cancer Cells|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022480407002788|date=9 December 2003|doi=10.1074/jbc.M311732200|first1=Matthias|last1=Kaeser|display-authors=etal|journal=Journal of Biological Chemistry|volume=279|issue=9|pages=7598–7605}}</ref> The proliferation of HCT116 colonies was found to be inhibited by 5-Fu/P85 copolymer micelles.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Inhibition of Growth and Metastasis of Colon Cancer by Delivering 5-Fluorouracil-loaded Pluronic P85 Copolymer Micelles|first1=Pengxi|last1=Zhu|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=6|pages=20896|date=11 February 2016|doi=10.1038/srep20896|pmid=26864651|pmc=4750032}}</ref> Furthermore, it was found that the [[Gene knockout|knockout]] of [[MARCH2]] limited growth of HCT116 cells via stress on the [[endoplasmic reticulum]].<ref>{{cite journal|title=Knockout of MARCH2 inhibits the growth of HCT116 colon cancer cells by inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress|first1=Dan|last1=Xia|doi=10.1038/cddis.2017.347|pmid=28749466|journal=Cell Death and Disease|volume=8|issue=7|pages=e2957|date=27 July 2017|pmc=5584615}}</ref>

==Use in research==
HCT116 cells are used in a variety of biomedical studies involving colon cancer proliferation and corresponding inhibitors. The cell line has been used in [[Carcinogenesis|tumorigenicity]] studies, along with other research that has shown that [[Cyclin D1]] holds large importance for the activity of lithocholic acid hydroxyamide. HCT116 cells can also function in [[xenografts]], with [[docetaxel]], [[5-FU]], and [[flavopiridol]] limiting tumor growth ''in vitro''.

The HCT116 cell line was found to have two variations; one with a large expression of the Insp8 gene, and the other without. The Insp8 gene is part of a cell's [[energy metabolism]] process, and can affect the cellular [[phenotype]] as a result.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Inositol Pyrophosphate Profiling of Two HCT116 Cell Lines Uncovers Variation in InsP8 Levels|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=11|issue=10|pages=e0165286|date=27 October 2016|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0165286|pmid=27788189|pmc=5082907|first1=Chunfang|last1=Gu}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External Links==
*[https://web.expasy.org/cellosaurus/CVCL_0291 Cellosaurus entry for HCT116]

[[Category: Human cell lines]]
[[Category:Cancer]]
[[Category:Oncogenes]]

{{oncology-stub}}
{{genetics-stub}}
{{dictionary-stub1}}

HCT116 cells - Revision history

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