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			<gallery>
			File:Pseudomonas_aeruginosa_Gram.jpg\|Pseudomonas aeruginosa under Gram stain
			File:Gram_negative_cell_wall.svg\|Structure of Gram-negative cell wall
			File:Gram-Cell-wall.svg\|Comparison of Gram-positive and Gram-negative cell walls
			File:Diagnostic_algorithm_of_possible_bacterial_infection.png\|Diagnostic algorithm of possible bacterial infection
			</gallery>

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'''Gram-negative bacteria''' are a group of [[bacteria]] that are classified by the color they turn after a chemical process called [[Gram staining]] is used on them. Gram-negative bacteria are more resistant to [[antibiotics]] than [[Gram-positive bacteria]] because they have a protective outer layer that prevents the antibiotics from reaching their target.

== Characteristics ==

Gram-negative bacteria have a characteristic cell envelope structure. The cell wall is thin and is located between the [[cell membrane]] and an additional outer membrane. The outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria is often associated with [[pathogenicity]] as it contains [[lipopolysaccharides]] (LPS) that can act as [[endotoxins]].

== Classification ==

Gram-negative bacteria include a wide variety of species. Some are [[pathogens]], causing diseases in humans and other animals, while others are important in environmental or industrial contexts. They can be classified according to their shape into [[cocci]] (spherical), [[bacilli]] (rod-shaped), and [[spirilla]] (spiral-shaped).

== Pathogenicity ==

Many Gram-negative bacteria are pathogenic, meaning they can cause disease. This is often due to the presence of LPS in their outer membrane, which can trigger a strong immune response in animals. Some examples of diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria include [[pneumonia]], [[meningitis]], and [[gonorrhea]].

== Treatment ==

Treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria can be challenging due to their inherent resistance to many antibiotics. This resistance is due to the presence of an outer membrane that acts as a barrier to many drugs, as well as the ability of these bacteria to pump out drugs that do penetrate the outer membrane.

== See also ==

* [[Gram-positive bacteria]]
* [[Bacterial cell structure]]
* [[Antibiotic resistance]]

[[Category:Bacteria]]
[[Category:Microbiology]]
[[Category:Infectious diseases]]

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Gram-negative bacteria - Revision history

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